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Comprehensive Plan
2008
Dickenson County, Virginia
Prepared by: The Dickenson County Planning Commission
Comprehensive Plan
1008
Dickenson County, Virginia
Prepared by: The Dickenson County Planning Commission
2
DICKENSON COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS
Roy Mullins, Chairman
Donnie Rife
Judy Compton
Allen Compton
Kay Edwards
John Sykes
Mark Vanover, County Administrator
DICKENSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Donnie Rife, Chairman
Roger Stanley, Vice-Chairman
Delano Sykes, Supervisor
Teddy Bailey, Supervisor
Shelbie Willis, Supervisor
DICKENSON COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERS
Roy Mullins, Chairman
Donnie Rife
Judy Compton
Allen Compton
Kay Edwards
John Sykes
Mark Vanover, County Administrator
DICKENSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Donnie Rife, Chairman
Roger Stanley, Vice-Chairman
Delano Sykes, Supervisor
Teddy Bailey, Supervisor
Shelbie Willis, Supervisor
3
Contents
Planning Commission Members….……………………….…………………………………. 2
Board of Supervisors Members……………………………………………………………….…2
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………….……………………………….7


LOCATION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE………………………………I


PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT……………………………………………………II


Topography……………………………………………………………….………11
Climate……………………………………………………………………………12
Soils……………………………………………………………………………….12
Rock Classifications ………………………………………………………………15
Faults …………………………………………………………………………….14
Ground and Surface Water ………………………………………………………15
Drainage …………………………………………………………………………16
Natural Resources …………………………………………………………….…17
Renewable Resources …………………………………………………….………22
Sensitive Habitats …………………………………………………………………25

POPULATION………………………………………………………………….III

Population Trends…………………………………………………………………27
Density…………………………………………………………………………….27
Distribution…………………………………………………………………………27
Racial Characteristics……………………………………………………….……27
Population Change……………………………………………………………….28
Age Characteristics……………………………………………………….……….29
Forecasts………………………………………………………………………….31
Contents
Planning Commission Members.
Board of Supervisors Members…
‘TRODUCTION
1, LOCATION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. …0000000000000000+

PHYSICAL ENVIRONME!
Topography…

Climate…
SoiIS…00
Rock Classifications …0:0006
Faults
Ground and Surface Water …
Drainage .
Natural Resources … 7
Renewable Resources ou22
Sensitive Habitats 0.0… cceeeeecsssteeeeessssstneessesssnmeeeesssseeeesessssenn DS
3. POPULATION. 1
Population Trends…–+ 27
Density. 27
Distribution, 27
Racial Characteristics. 227
Population Change 28
Age Characteristics, 29
Forecasts 31
4
Population Projections…………………………………………….….………33-35

ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT……………….…………………….…….IV

Unemployment……………………………………………………………………36
Unemployment Rates by County………………………………………………39-42
Income……………………………………………………………………………43
Medium Family Income…………………………………………………….……44
Average Weekly Wage……………………………………………………………45
Poverty……………………………………………………………………………47
Major Employers…………………………………………………………………49
Economic Indicators………………………………………………………………50
Forecasts…………………………………………………………………………50

EDUCATION…………………………………………………………………….V

Educational Attainment………………………………………………………….58
High School Graduation…………………………………………………………69
High School Enrollments…………………………………………………………60
Training Providers……………………………………………………………….62

TRANSPORTATION……………………………………………………………VI

Highway System…………………………………………………………………63
Planned Improvements…………………………………………………….………64
Distances to Nearby Areas………………………………………………….……65
Airports……………………………………………………………………………65
Railroads……………………………………………………………….…………66

HOUSING………………………………………………………………………VII

Housing Demand…………………………………………………………………67
Housing Growth…………………………………………………………….……67
Housing Characteristics………………………….… ……………………………68
Housing Value……………………………………….……………………………68
33-35
Population Projection:
ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMEN’
Unemployment.
Unemployment Rates by County.
Incoms
Medium Family Income.
Average Weekly Wage.
Poverty. AT
Major Employers. 49
Economic Indicators. 50
Forecasts… 250
EDUCATION
Educational Attainment.
High School Graduation 69
High School Enrollments 60
Training Providers…
TRANSPORTATION,
Highway System. …
Planned Improvements…
Distances to Nearby Areas…cs0++
AltPOTS esses ceesosceeeeseeesesseesessteeesseeesseessseeeenscessinesaseneenseessas sau
Railroads. …
HOUSING… - VIL
Housing Demand…
Housing Growth.
Housing Characteristies…
Housing Value…
5
Assisted Living……………………………………………………………………68
Future Housing………………………………………………………………………69

LAND USE……………………………….……………………………………VIII

Residential Land Use………………………………………………………………70
Commercial Land Use………………………………………………….…………71
Industrial Land Use………………………….…………………….………………72
Recreational and Open Spaces………………………………….…………………74
Summary of Existing Land Use……………………………………………………75
Future Land Use………………………………………………………….…………75
Suitability…………………………………………….……………………………76

COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES………………………………IX

Water………………………………………………………………………………78
Sewerage……………………………………………………………………………79
Solid Waste Disposal………………………………………………………………80
Electricity………………………………………….……………………….………82
Public Safety……………………………………………………………………….82
Medical Facilities…………………….……………………………………………83
Education……………………………………………….…………………….….83
Communications……………………………………………………………………86
Commerce……………………………………………….…………………………86
Industrial Parks……………………………………………………………………87
Recreation……………………………………………….……………………….87
Tourism……………………………………………………………………………91

FINANCE……………………………………………….……………………….X

Tax Rates…………………………………………………………………………94
Business Assistance ………………………………………………………………95


GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ……………………………………………………XI



i
Assisted Living…
Future Housing…
LAND USE… VE
Residential Land Use… 70
Commercial Land Use… wT
Industrial Land Use…
Recreational and Open Spaces…
Summary of Existing Land Use…
Future Land Use…
Suitability…
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES…
Water…
Sewerage.
Solid Waste Disposal…
Electricity.
Public Safety…
Medical Facilities…
Education…
Communications…
Commerce…
Industrial Parks. .
Recreation…ccecsessecseesessessecsessesseeseesessssesensess
Tourism…
FINANCE.
Tax Rates…
Business Assistance
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES …
6
LIST OF CHARTS
Annual Production ……………………………………………………………………21-22
Population Trends…………………………………………………………………………27
Population Change…………………………………………………………………………28
Population By Age………………………………………………………….……………30
Population Projections by Age and Gender ………………………………….………32-35
Unemployment Rate Dickenson County vs. Virginia……………………………39-42
Per Capita Income……………………………………………………………………43-44
Medium Family Income……………………………………………………………………44
Average Weekly Wage Per Employee ……………………………………………………45
Average Weekly Wage Per  Industry……………………………………….……………46
Total Employment by Industry ………………………………………….………………4
Total Residential Building Permits by County/City…………….…………….…………50
Age of Workers by Industry………………………………………….………………….52
Average Weekly Wage by Industry…………………………………….…………………53
New Start-up Firms………………………………………………………………………54
New Hires by Industry………………………………………………………….…………55
Turnover by Industry…………………………………………………………………….56
Educational Attainment (year)…………………………….…………… ……………57-58
LIST OF CHARTS
Annual Production 21-22
Population Trends.
Population Change…
Population By Age 30
Population Projections by Age and Gender
Unemployment Rate Dickenson County vs. Virginia…
Per Capita Income…
Medium Family Income.
Average Weekly Wage Per Employee …-ssssessesssssseeeesessssnetssanseteeeseesnnnlS
Average Weekly Wage Per Industry…
Total Employment by Industry 4
Total Residential Building Permits by County/City…sssscssseeeeessssennseeeeeseees5O
‘Age of Workers by Industry… 52
Average Weekly Wage by Industry. 33
New Start-up Firms…
‘New Hires by Industry…
Turnover by Industry. 56
Educational Attainment (year)…
7
INTRODUCTION
 The Code of Virginia section 15.2-2223 grants the county Planning 

Commission in Dickenson County the authority to undertake a planning program
that includes the preparation of a county comprehensive plan.  The
comprehensive plan is an important step in the growth and development of a
county.  Implementation of a long-range plan aids in the practice of good public
management and provides a framework for orderly development in terms of land
use and facilities.
  The officials of Dickenson County intend that the comprehensive plan 

serve as a broad policy guide to assist in the decisions necessary for future
development and redevelopment in Dickenson County.  The comprehensive plan
provides an analysis of present conditions and trends in areas such as
population and the local economy.  Plans for capital improvements, community
facilities, and future land use can be based on this analysis.  By nature, the
comprehensive plan is a general document, and to be useful in the long-range
management of the county it should be updated and revised as changing
conditions warrant.
  Every effort was made to use the most current data available. 

INTRODUCTION
The Code of Virginia section 15.2-2223 grants the county Planning
Commission in Dickenson County the authority to undertake a planning program
that includes the preparation of a county comprehensive plan. The
comprehensive plan is an important step in the growth and development of a
county. Implementation of a long-range plan aids in the practice of good public
management and provides a framework for orderly development in terms of land
use and facilities.
The officials of Dickenson County intend that the comprehensive plan
serve as a broad policy guide to assist in the decisions necessary for future
development and redevelopment in Dickenson County. The comprehensive plan
provides an analysis of present conditions and trends in areas such as
population and the local economy. Plans for capital improvements, community
facilities, and future land use can be based on this analysis. By nature, the
comprehensive plan is a general document, and to be useful in the long-range
management of the county it should be updated and revised as changing
conditions warrant.
Every effort was made to use the most current data available.
8
LOCATION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
  Dickenson County lies in the Appalachian Plateau, along the crest of the 

Cumberland Mountains.  It is located in the north-central section of Southwest Virginia
and is one of four counties in the Cumberland Plateau Planning District.  Dickenson
County contains 331.7 square miles covering some of the richest coalfields in the United
States.  Buchanan, Russell and Tazewell Counties join with Dickenson County to form
the planning district; Dickenson County compromises 18.1 percent of the district’s total
land.
  Dickenson County, named for W.J. Dickenson, a prominent citizen, was formed 

in 1880 from portions of Russell, Wise and Buchanan Counties.  The county seat is
Clintwood, Virginia.  Dickenson County is bordered in the north by Pike County,
Kentucky; in the south by Russell County, Virginia; in the west by Wise County,
Virginia; and in the east by Buchanan County, Virginia.  Major access to Dickenson
County from an east-west direction is State Highway 83.  State Highway 63, State
Highway 80, and State Highway 72 provide access from a north-south direction.
  The rough mountainous terrain, characteristic of the Appalachian Plateau, forced 

the early settlers to locate along the county’s streambeds.  The best farmland was to be
found along the flat bottomlands, and the streams provided a good water supply.  The
first settlements in Dickenson County were Sandlick, Holly Creek (Clintwood) and Nora,
all of which are located along the streams of the area.  Other major settlements in the
county, including Haysi, Clinchco, McClure and Trammel are also located along streams
and rivers.
 As the bottomlands of the county became occupied, more settlers began locating 

on the numerous ridges in the county. The settlers built homes on the broad ridge tops
and began to farm the fertile land. Some of the ridge communities include Big Ridge,
Omaha, Herald and Caney Ridge. This pattern is still evident today in Dickenson County.
LOCATION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Dickenson County lies in the Appalachian Plateau, along the crest of the
Cumberland Mountains. It is located in the north-central section of Southwest Virginia
and is one of four counties in the Cumberland Plateau Planning District. Dickenson
County contains 331.7 square miles covering some of the richest coalfields in the United
States, Buchanan, Russell and Tazewell Counties join with Dickenson County to form
the planning district; Dickenson County compromises 18.1 percent of the district’s total
land,
Dickenson County, named for W.J. Dickenson, a prominent citizen, was formed
in 1880 from portions of Russell, Wise and Buchanan Counties. The county seat is
Clintwood, Virginia, Dickenson County is bordered in the north by Pike County,
Kentucky; in the south by Russell County, Virginia; in the west by Wise County,
Virginia; and in the east by Buchanan County, Virginia. Major access to Dickens
County from an east-west direction is State Highway 83. State Highway 63, State
Highway 80, and State Highway 72 provide access from a north-south direction,
The rough mountainous terrain, characteristic of the Appalachian Plateau, forced
the early settlers to locate along the county’s streambeds. The best farmland was to be
found along the flat bottomlands, and the streams provided a good water supply. The
first settlements in Dickenson County were Sandlick, Holly Creek (Clintwood) and Nora,
all of which are located along the streams of the area, Other major settlements in the
county, including Haysi, Clinchco, McClure and Trammel are also located along streams
and rivers.
As the bottomlands of the county became occupied, more settlers began locating
on the numerous ridges in the county. The settlers built homes on the broad ridge tops
and began to farm the fertile land. Some of the ridge communities include Big Ridge,
Omaha, Herald and Caney Ridge. This pattern is still evident today in Dickenson County.
9
  The valley floors and ridge tops are the only lands suitable for development.  This 

fact brings to the forefront Dickenson County’s developmental problems.  The lowlands
offer problems concerning susceptibility to flooding, and the ridge tops limit the
availability of site development.
  Prior to the 1900’s the people of Dickenson County lived under pioneer 

conditions, with self-sufficiency type farming being the chief occupation.  In the late
1800’s when attention focused on the county’s valuable coal and timber reserves, several
companies moved into the county.  These companies bought timber and mineral rights,
but the resources were not developed because of a lack of any means of transporting the
end products to Eastern markets.  Upon completion of the Caroline, Clinchfield and Ohio
Railroad, the coalmines and hardwood forests became accessible to the markets of the
nation and the world.  The population of the county nearly doubled between 1910 and
1920, as young men came with their families to live and work.
  The county continued to grow until the 1950’s.  By this time, most of the lumber 

companies had exhausted their timber, and the mines began to increase mechanization,
thus requiring fewer workers.  As the coal industry continued to decline during the
1960’s, so did Dickenson County’s population.  Since the county’s economy is so closely
tied to the coal industry, it can be expected that it will rise and fall at a pace concurrent
with the rises and declines in the coal industry.  The “energy crisis” and Arab oil
embargo of the early seventies signaled the beginning of prosperity once again for
Dickenson County, but the 1977 Federal Mine Reclamation Act dampened this renewed
vigor of the coal industry and out-of-state as well as international competition has had a
negative effect.
  In the 1980’s a “bust” period was again upon the area, as the boom of the 1970’s 

quickly dwindled.  The 1980’s also saw a “second generation” of mechanization in the
coal industry, increasing coal production but further reducing the manpower needs.
Population declined once again and over the next decade employment reached double
The valley floors and ridge tops are the only lands suitable for development. This
fact brings to the forefront Dickenson County’s developmental problems. The lowlands
offer problems concerning susceptibility to flooding, and the ridge tops limit the
availability of site development.
Prior to the 1900’s the people of Dickenson County lived under pioneer
conditions, with self-sufficiency type farming being the chief occupation. In the late
1800°s when attention focused on the county’s valuable coal and timber reserves, several
companies moved into the county. These companies bought timber and mineral rights,
but the resources were not developed because of a lack of any means of transporting the
end products to Easter markets. Upon completion of the Caroline, Clinchfield and Ohio
Railroad, the coalmines and hardwood forests became accessible to the markets of the
nation and the world. The population of the county nearly doubled between 1910 and
1920, as young men came with their families to live and work.
‘The county continued to grow until the 1950’s. By this time, most of the lumber
companies had exhausted their timber, and the mines began to increase mechanization,
thus requiring fewer workers. As the coal industry continued to decline during the
1960s, so did Dickenson County’s population, Since the county’s economy is so closely
tied to the coal industry, it can be expected that it will rise and fall at a pace concurrent
with the rises and declines in the coal industry. ‘The “energy crisis” and Arab oil
embargo of the early seventies signaled the beginning of prosperity once again for
Dickenson County, but the 1977 Federal Mine Reclamation Act dampened this renewed
vigor of the coal industry and out-of-state as well as international competition has had a
negative effect.
is the boom of the 1970’s
In the 1980°s a “bust” period was again upon the area,
quickly dwindled. The 1980’s also saw a “second generation” of mechanization in the
coal industry, increasing coal production but further reducing the manpower needs.
Population declined once again and over the next decade employment reached double
10
digits and the County’s population was reflective of employment.  The transition of the
1990’s saw dramatic shifts in the County’s local economy with the world economy
changing and throughout this decade.  Pittston Coal Corporation owned the largest
mineral reserves; their announcement of its intent to sell its holdings in mineral resources
spurred the formation of and a new company, Alpha Natural Resources. They acquired
all mineral rights from Pittston while Forestland Group acquired the majority of surface
property owned by Pittston.  These acquisitions coupled with two specific events in
history, the Iraq War and Hurricane Katrina, drove crude oil prices to record highs in turn
driving the cost of coal and natural gas to market highs also.  This coupled with the world
demand for fossil energy fuels has seen the resurgence of the coal, natural gas, and even
the timber industry.  By the 2003/2004 period the expansion of new mining activity,
coupled with trucking and vendor activity revitalized the coal economy and
unemployment is currently under 5%.
digits and the County’s population was reflective of employment. The transition of the
1990°s saw dramatic shifts in the County’s local economy with the world economy
changing and throughout this decade. Pittston Coal Corporation owned the largest
mineral reserves; their announcement of its intent to sell its holdings in mineral resources
spurred the formation of and a new company, Alpha Natural Resources. They acquired
all mineral rights from Pittston while Forestland Group acquired the majority of surface
property owned by Pittston. These acquisitions coupled with two specific events in
history, the Iraq War and Hurricane Katrina, drove crude oil prices to record highs in turn
driving the cost of coal and natural gas to market highs also. This coupled with the world
demand for fossil energy fuels has seen the resurgence of the coal, natural gas, and even
the timber industry. By the 2003/2004 period the expansion of new mining activity,
coupled with trucking and vendor activity revitalized the coal economy and
unemployment is currently under 5%.
10
11
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
  The physical characteristics of an area such as topography, climate and soils 

contribute to the type, location and nature of development in that area.  In Dickenson
County, the physiographic conditions are highly restrictive towards development.  The
cost of development is often beyond the range of economic feasibility excluding
previously stripped mining property, which establishes its own unique constraints.
TOPOGRAPHY
 In this mountainous region, flat land even a few acres in extent are rare, and 

valley slopes are very steep.  The surface is deeply and maturely dissected by streams,
with the water courses being only a few miles apart but separated by ridges that rise 500
to 1,000 feet above them.  The valleys are deep, narrow and V-shaped, with little or no
flat bottomlands.
  The highest point in the county is an elevation of 3,120.  This high point is on 

Pine Mountain, which constitutes the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky.  The
lowest point, 904 feet above sea level, is found where the Russell Fork crosses the state
boundary into Kentucky.  Dickenson County has a maximum relief of 2,233.  The
southern slopes of Pine Mountain are long and comparatively gentle, but the northern
slopes are very steep and descend a vertical distance or nearly 2,000 feet between the
mountain crest and Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky, a distance of only 1.5 miles.
  Several ridges in Dickenson County deserve special mention.  Sandy Ridge is a 

conspicuous feature that forms the divide on the north side of the Clinch River drainage
basin, closely paralleling or actually forming the Dickenson-Russell County boundary.
Big Ridge extends from Sandy Ridge northeastward to the mouth of the Pound River,
forming the divide between the McClure and Cranesnest Rivers.  The Breaks Canyon, a
gorge carved by the Russell Fork through Pine Mountain, is visited by thousands of
tourists and campers due to spectacular views of the defining terrain.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONME
The physical characteristics of an area such as topography, climate and soils
contribute to the type, location and nature of development in that area. In Dickenson
County, the physiographic conditions are highly restrictive towards development. The
cost of development is often beyond the range of economic feasibility excluding
previously stripped mining property, which establishes its own unique constraints.
TOPOGRAPHY
In this mountainous region, flat land even a few acres in extent are rare, and
valley slopes are very steep. The surface is deeply and maturely dissected by streams,
with the water courses being only a few miles apart but separated by ridges that rise 500
to 1,000 feet above them. The valleys are deep, narrow and V-shaped, with little or no
flat bottomlands.
‘The highest point in the county is an elevation of 3,120. This high point is on
Pine Mountain, which constitutes the boundary between Virgini
and Kentucky. The
lowest point, 904 feet above sea level, is found where the Russell Fork crosses the state
boundary into Kentucky. Dickenson County has a maximum relief of 2,233. The
southern slopes of Pine Mountain are long and comparatively gentle, but the northern
slopes are very steep and descend a vertical distance or nearly 2,000 feet between the
mountain crest and Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky, a distance of only 1.5 miles.
Several ridges in Dickenson County deserve special mention, Sandy Ridge is a
conspicuous feature that forms the divide on the north side of the Clinch River drainage
basin,
losely paralleling or actually forming the Dickenson-Russell County boundary.
Big Ridge extends from Sandy Ridge northeastward to the mouth of the Pound River,
forming the divide between the MeClure and Cranesnest Rivers. The Breaks Canyon, a
gorge carved by the Russell Fork through Pine Mountain, is visited by thousands of
tourists and campers due to spectacular views of the defining terrain.
i
12
CLIMATE
  The climate of Dickenson County is continental.  Temperatures average 37 

degrees in January and 74 degrees in July, with the average annual temperature being a
mild 54 degrees.  Average annual rainfall is 45 inches; average annual snowfall is 15
inches.  The prevailing winds are usually from the west with more northerly flows in
winter months.  Dickenson County is considered to be an attainment area for all national
air quality standards.
SOILS
  Soil properties exert a strong influence on the manner in which land is used.  Soils 

are an irreplaceable resource and mounting pressures continue to make soil more
valuable.  The Cooperative Extension Service of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University has done some on-site survey work in Dickenson County in order to compile
information on the county’s soils, since soil capabilities influence development.
  The flatter ridge tops offer soils of sufficient thickness of developable terrain. On 

these uplands, where soils are found in place from residual rock materials, the only two
series suitable for development are the Hartsells and Enders. The Hartsells is developed
in sandstone and the Enders in micaceous shale. Both, the soils average less than three
feet to bedrock, but both are sometimes found to range up to five and one-half feet in
depth. The Coeburn, which is associated with the Enders, is also present on the ridge tops
but its depth (0 to 30”) is insufficient for development. Areas that are located at the
mouths of hollows may support very limited development.  Most of the soils in these
areas are colluvial; they were formed from materials accumulated from the adjacent
higher upland slopes.  The two most prevalent soils in these colluvial lands, the Leadvale
and the Jefferson, were formed from areas of Coeburn soils.  These soils are usually
thicker than the upland soils, but they are subject to considerable seepage from high lying
areas, making them unsuitable for any use except agriculture.
CLIMATE
The climate of Dickenson County is continental. Temperatures average 37
degrees in January and 74 degrees in July, with the average annual temperature being a
mild 54 degrees. Average annual rainfall is 45 inches; average annual snowfall is 1S
inches. The prevailing winds are usually from the west with more northerly flows in
winter months. Dickenson County is considered to be an attainment area for all national
air quality standards.
SOILS
Soil properties exert a strong influence on the manner in which land is used. Soils
are an irreplaceable resource and mounting pressures continue to make soil more
valuable. The Cooperative Extension Service of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University has done some on-site survey work in Dickenson County in order to compile
information on the county’s soils, since soil capabilities influence development.
The flatter ridge tops offer soils of sufficient thickness of developable terrain. On
these uplands, where soils are found in place from residual rock materials, the only two
series suitable for development are the Hartsells and Enders. The Hartsells is developed
in sandstone and the Enders in micaceous shale, Both, the soils average less than three
feet to bedrock, but both are sometimes found to range up to five and one-half feet in
depth. The Coeburn, which is associated with the Enders, is also present on the ridge tops
but its depth (0 to 30”) is insufficient for development. Areas that are located at the
mouths of hollows may support very limited development. Most of the soils in these
areas are colluvial; they were formed from materials accumulated from the adjacent
higher upland slopes. The two most prevalent soils in these colluvial lands, the Leadvale
and the Jefferson, were formed from areas of Coeburn soils. These soils are usually
thicker than the upland soils, but they are subject to considerable seepage from high lying
areas, making them unsuitable for any use except agriculture.
12
13
  On the terrace lands, those bench like areas bordering, but higher than stream 

bottoms, the chief soils suitable for development are the Holston and portions of the
Monongahela.  These soils, which were deposited by streams at a time when their
channels were higher, range in thickness from three feet to 30 feet, averaging about seven
feet.
  Areas along the streams contain alluvial soils washed away from areas underlain 

by sandstone and shale.  These soils are very sandy and gravelly, and the depth to water
level of these soils is usually 0 to 20 inches during wet periods.  They are also subject to
flooding.
  The areas along the streambeds are unsuited for development because of flooding 

problems.  Aside from some terrace land, ridge tops and the hollow mouths, the
remaining portions of the county, are of steep terrain, and thus unsuitable for
development.
ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS
  Seven classifications of rocks have been identified in the Dickenson County 

studies.  Four of these- the Lee Formation, the Norton Formation, the Gladville sandstone
and the Wise Formation- belong to the Pennsylvanian series, in which the commercially
important coal beds in the area are located.  The other three- the Grainger shale, the
Newman limestone and the Pennington shale belongs to the Mississippian series.
  The Lee Formation is exposed along the upper slopes of Pine Mountain and in the 

middle and left forks of Cane Creek in the extreme southeastern part of the county.  A
nearly complete section is exposed in the Breaks and one drill hole on the Cranesnest
River passes through the whole formation.
  In the Cranesnest boring, the Lee Formation is 830 feet thick and consists largely 

of sandstone, relatively thin beds of shale and several coal beds.  These coal beds found
throughout the Lee Formation, however, are thin and are not economically important.
On the terrace lands, those bench like areas bordering, but higher than stream
bottoms, the chief soils suitable for development are the Holston and portions of the
Monongahela. These soils, which were deposited by streams at a time when their
channels were higher, range in thickness from three feet to 30 feet, averaging about seven
feet.
Areas along the streams contain alluvial soils washed away from areas underlain
by sandstone and shale. ‘These soils are very sandy and gravelly, and the depth to water
level of these soils is usually 0 to 20 inches during wet periods. They are also subject to
flooding.
‘The areas along the streambeds are unsuited for development because of flooding
problems. Aside from some terrace land, ridge tops and the hollow mouths, the
remaining portions of the county, are of steep terrain, and thus unsuitable for
development.
ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS
Seven classifications of rocks have been identified in the Dickenson County
studies. Four of these- the Lee Formation, the Norton Formation, the Gladville sandstone
and the Wise Formation- belong to the Pennsylvanian series, in which the commercially
important coal beds in the area are located. The other three- the Grainger shale, the
Newman limestone and the Pennington shale belongs to the Mississippian series.
‘The Lee Formation is exposed along the upper slopes of Pine Mountain and in the
middle and left forks of Cane Creek in the extreme southeastern part of the county. A
nearly complete section is exposed in the Breaks and one drill hole on the Cranesnest
River passes through the whole formation.
In the Cranesnest boring, the Lee Formation is 830 feet thick and consists largely
of sandstone, relatively thin beds of shale and several coal beds. These coal beds found
throughout the Lee Formation, however, are thin and are not economically important.
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  The Norton Formation forms the greater part of the surface of Dickenson County.  

The thickness of the Norton Formation ranges from 920 feet in the northwestern part of
the county to approximately 1,460 feet in the southeastern part of the county.  The
formation consists chiefly of alternating beds of sandstone and shale, with a number of
coal beds, some of which have thin layers of clay beneath them.  The Norton Formation
includes several of the most important coal beds in Dickenson County, including the
Tiller, Jawbone, Raven, Aily, Kennedy, Lower and Upper Banner, Splash Dam, Hagy
and Norton.  The Gladville sandstone is 60 to 110 feet thick, is stained brownish by iron
and contains considerable mica and other minerals.  It lies between the Norton and Wise
Formations and is found throughout the coalfields.  The Wise Formation differs little
from the Norton Formation.  It is very thick in Wise County, but only the lower 750 feet
exposed are in Dickenson County.  Except near Clintwood and in the western part of the
county, the Wise Formation is confined to the upper parts of the ridges.  The lower 200
feet of the Wise Formation contain five coal beds including the Dorchester, Lyons, Blair,
Eagle, Clintwood, Campbell Creek (Lower Bolling) and Upper Bolling.  Although rocks
from the Mississippian series are also present, none actually come to the surface
anywhere in the county.  Well drillings have revealed its presence beneath the coal
bearing rocks in so many places that it seems to be located under the entire county.  The
thickness of the series, which includes the Grainger shale at the bottom, the Newman
limestone in the middle and the Pennington shale at the top, is 1,700 to 1,800 feet in Pine
Mountain.
  The Grainger here is composed chiefly of green shale and brownish sandstone 

with considerable red sandstone in the upper 50 feet, and is from 400 to 500 feet thick.
The Newman limestone is about 500 feet thick and is folliliferous, bluish gray to dark
gray, firm, compact limestone.  It weathers to a dull gray color, becomes cavernous and
yields typical karst topography.
The Norton Formation forms the greater part of the surface of Dickenson County.
The thickness of the Norton Formation ranges from 920 feet in the northwestem part of
the county to approximately 1,460 feet in the southeastern part of the county. The
formation consists chiefly of alternating beds of sandstone and shale, with a number of
coal beds, some of which have thin layers of clay beneath them. The Norton Formation
includes several of the most important coal beds in Dickenson County, including the
Tiller, Jawbone, Raven, Aily, Kennedy, Lower and Upper Banner, Splash Dam, Hagy
and Norton. The Gladville sandstone is 60 to 110 feet thick, is stained brownish by iron
and contains considerable mica and other minerals. It lies between the Norton and Wise
Formations and is found throughout the coalfields. The Wise Formation differs litle
from the Norton Formation. It is very thick in Wise County, but only the lower 750 feet
exposed are in Dickenson County. Except near Clintwood and in the western part of the
county, the Wise Formation is confined to the upper parts of the ridges. ‘The lower 200
feet of the Wise Formation contain five coal beds including the Dorchester, Lyons, Blair,
Eagle, Clintwood, Campbell Creek (Lower Bolling) and Upper Bolling. Although rocks
from the Mississippian series are also present, none actually come to the surface
anywhere in the county. Well drillings have revealed its presence beneath the coal
bearing rocks in so many places that it seems to be located under the entire county. The
thickness of the series, which includes the Grainger shale at the bottom, the Newman
limestone in the middle and the Pennington shale at the top, is 1,700 to 1,800 feet in Pine
Mountain.
‘The Grainger here is composed chiefly of green shale and brownish sandstone
with considerable red sandstone in the upper 50 feet, and is from 400 to 500 feet thick.
‘The Newman limestone is about 500 feet thick and is folliliferous, bluish gray to dark
gray, firm, compact limestone, It weathers to a dull gray color, becomes cavernous and
yields typical karst topography.
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  The Pennington shale is about 800 feet thick and is composed of red, green and 

drab shale, green sandstone and a 100 feet thick layer of siliceous sandstone.  The
formation is thicker in the southeastern part of the county than in Pine Mountain.
FAULTS
  The only fault of any importance concerning development in Dickenson County is 

the Russell Fork Fault.  The Russell Fork Fault closely follows the Russell Fork of the
Big Sandy River, leaving it at only a few places.  The main line of the fault in Dickenson
County begins at Bee, passes somewhat north of Abners Gap and northwestward through
Haysi to a point where the river turns eastward above Bartlick.  Here the fault continues
northwestward and ends at Skegg’s Gap at the Pine Mountain Fault.  All along the fault
evidence of vertical movement is apparent and crumbling has been a problem, especially
around Haysi.  Heavy construction should be avoided in the area of the fault.  There are
two other faults in Dickenson County- one along Pine Mountain and the other along Big
A Mountain (Hunter Valley Fault).  These faults should not have any direct effect on
development in Dickenson County.
GROUND AND SURFACE WATER
  Water is a very important natural resource, necessary to maintain human life 

itself.  Additionally, a safe, clean and dependable water supply is required for many
commercial, industrial, agricultural and recreational purposes.  The availability and
quality of water is therefore an important consideration in assessing the development
potential of Dickenson County.
  Water resources exist as surface water and as ground water, also.  Streams, rivers 

and lakes compromise our surface water, since they occur on the surface of the earth.
Ground water is stored in open spaces underneath the surface of the earth.  Coal mining
operations have seriously damaged the supply of groundwater in Dickenson County.
Underground aquifers have been depleted and only a small amount of groundwater is still
available.
The Pennington shale is about 800 feet thick and is composed of red, green and
drab shale, green sandstone and a 100 feet thick layer of siliceous sandstone, The
formation is thicker in the southeastern part of the county than in Pine Mountain.
FAULTS:
The only fault of any importance concerning development in Dickenson County is
the Russell Fork Fault. The Russell Fork Fault closely follows the Russell Fork of the
Big Sandy River, leaving it at only a few places. ‘The main line of the fault in Dickenson
County begins at Bee, passes somewhat north of Abners Gap and northwestward through
Haysi to a point where the river turns eastward above Bartlick. Here the fault continues
northwestward and ends at Skegg’s Gap at the Pine Mountain Fault. All along the fault
evidence of vertical movement is apparent and crumbling has been a problem, especially
around Haysi. Heavy construction should be avoided in the area of the fault. There are
‘two other faults in Dickenson County- one along Pine Mountain and the other along Big
‘A Mountain (Hunter Valley Fault), ‘These faults should not have any direct effect on
development in Dickenson County.
GROUND AND SURFACE WATER
Water is a very important natural resource, necessary to maintain human life
itself, Additionally, a safe, clean and dependable water supply is required for many
commercial, industrial, agricultural and recreational purposes. The availability and
quality of water is therefore an important consideration in assessing the development
potential of Dickenson County.
Water resources exist as surface water and as ground water, also, Streams, rivers
and lakes compromise our surface water, since they occur on the surface of the earth.
Ground water is stored in open spaces undemeath the surface of the earth. Coal mining
‘operations have seriously damaged the supply of groundwater in Dickenson County.
Underground aquifers have been depleted and only a small amount of groundwater is still
available.
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  Surface water can be found in the three major rivers and many smaller streams, 

but the largest supplier of surface water is the John Flannagan Reservoir.  The John
Flannagan Reservoir provides much of Dickenson and Buchanan Counties with fresh
water.
Dickenson County lies in the Big Sandy River Basin. The principal streams of the
county are Pound River, Cranesnest River, Caney Creek, McClure River, Lick Creek and
Russell Fork. These are headwater streams, and the area drained is not sufficiently large
to provide other moderate supplies of surface water.
The streams in Dickenson County are tributaries to two great drainage systems.
Those on the south side of Sandy Ridge flow into the Clinch River, which joins the
Tennessee, a river that flows as far south as Alabama before turning west and north to the
Ohio River. Streams north of Sandy Ridge are tributaries to Russell Fork of the Big
Sandy River and reach the Ohio by a direct northerly route.
Although even small tributaries contain some running water during most of the
year, none of the streams has a very large flow. The rainfall of the region is moderate.
The sandy soil, dense growth of trees and brush, and high stream gradients all work to
prevent serious flooding.
In 1966, the John W. Flannagan Dam was completed, a recreation project
constructed under the supervision of the District Engineer, Huntington District, Corps of
Engineers, U. S. Army. The project provides for a flood control pool of 95,000 acre-feet,
and a minimum pool (winter) of 12,000 acre-feet. At minimum pool elevation 1,315, the
project will have 310 surface acres extending six miles upstream from the dam.
 Since 1946, stream-gauging stations have been maintained on Russell Fork at Haysi 

and Pound River near Haysi. The water is moderately hard with comparatively high
sulfate content owing to drainage from coalmines. Records of temperatures and water
quality data are available for these gauges. Flow duration and high and low flow
sequence data are also available for these gauges.  With the anticipated increase in coal
production in Dickenson County, greater demands have been placed on the water supply.
Surface water can be found in the three major rivers and many smaller streams,
but the largest supplier of surface water is the John Flannagan Reservoir. The John
Flannagan Reservoir provides much of Dickenson and Buchanan Counties with fresh
water.
Dickenson County lies in the Big Sandy River Basin. The principal streams of the
county are Pound River, Cranesnest River, Caney Creek, MeClure River, Lick Creek and
Russell Fork. These are headwater streams, and the area drained is not sufficiently large
to provide other moderate supplies of surface water.
The streams in Dickenson County are tributaries to two great drainage systems.
Those on the south side of Sandy Ridge flow into the Clinch River, which joins the
Tennessee, a river that flows as far south as Alabama before tuning west and north to the
Ohio River. Streams north of Sandy Ridge are tributaries to Russell Fork of the Big
Sandy River and reach the Ohio by a direct northerly route.
Although even small tributaries contain some running water during most of the
year, none of the streams has a very large flow. The rainfall of the region is moderate.
The sandy soil, dense growth of trees and brush, and high stream gradients all work to
prevent serious flooding,
In 1966, the John W. Flannagan Dam was completed, a recreation project
constructed under the supervision of the District Engineer, Huntington District, Corps of
Engineers, U. S. Army. The project provides for a flood control pool of 95,000 acre-feet,
and a minimum pool (winter) of 12,000 acre-feet. At minimum pool elevation 1,315, the
project will have 310 surface acres extending six miles upstream from the dam,
Since 1946, stream-gauging stations have been maintained on Ri
sell Fork at Hays
and Pound River near Haysi. The water is moderately hard with comparatively high
sulfate content owing to drainage from coalmines. Records of temperatures and water
quality data are available for these gauges. Flow duration and high and low flow
sequence data are also available for these gauges. With the anticipated inerease in coal
production in Dickenson County, greater demands have been placed on the water supply.
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Presently, there appears to be sufficient ground water to fulfill the needs of users with
deep wells, however, increasing population, mining activities, and gas exploration has
lowered the water table and placed stress on the more shallow wells.
DRAINAGE
  The streams in Dickenson County are tributary to two great drainage systems.  

Those on the south side of Sandy Ridge flow into the Clinch River, which joins the
Tennessee, a river that flows as far south as Alabama before turning west and north to the
Ohio River.  Streams north of Sandy Ridge are tributary to Russell Fork of the Big Sandy
River and reach the Ohio by a direct northerly route.
  The largest tributaries of Russell Fork are the Pound, Cranesnest and McClure 

Rivers.  Although even small tributaries contain some running water during most of the
year, none of the streams has a very large flow.  The rainfall of the region is high, but the
sandy soil, dense growth of trees and brush and the high stream gradients all work to
prevent serious flooding.  The town of Haysi, which lies at the confluence of the Russell
Fork and McClure Rivers, is the area most subject to periodic flooding in Dickenson
County.
NATURAL RESOURCES
  The chief mineral resources in Dickenson County are coal and natural gas.  The 

Southwest Virginia Coalfield is part of the larger Central Appalachian coal region, which
also includes parts of Southern West Virginia and Eastern Kentucky.
COAL
One measure of coal’s significance is the economic value of its production.  The
dramatic increase in coal’s price in 1974 caused coal’s value to more than double, but as
prices declined throughout the decade of the eighties, so did the value of production.
That reduction in price had forced coal companies to increase productivity (tonnage
mined per miner) in order to be profitable. The U.S. Department of Energy has estimated
that there are 1,609 million tons of recoverable reserves in Virginia at present. Based on
Presently, there appears to be sufficient ground water to fulfill the needs of users with
deep wells, however, increasing population, mining activities, and gas exploration has
lowered the water table and placed stress on the more shallow wells.
DRAINAGE
The streams in Dickenson County are tributary to two great drainage systems.
Those on the south side of Sandy Ridge flow into the Clinch River, which joins the
Tennessee, a river that flows as far south as Alabama before turning west and north to the
Ohio River. Streams north of Sandy Ridge are tributary to Russell Fork of the Big Sandy
River and reach the Ohio by a direct northerly route
The largest tributaries of Russell Fork are the Pound, Cranesnest and MeClure
Rivers. Although even small tributaries contain some running water during most of the
year, none of the streams has a very large flow. The rainfall of the region is high, but the
sandy soil, dense growth of trees and brush and the high stream gradients all work to
prevent serious flooding. The town of Haysi, which lies at the confluence of the Russell
Fork and McClure Rivers, is the area most subject to periodic flooding in Dickenson
County.
TURAL RESOURCES
‘The chief mineral resources in Dickenson County are coal and natural gas. The
Southwest Virginia Coalfield is part of the larger Central Appalachian coal region, which
also includes parts of Souther West Virginia and Eastern Kentucky.
COAL
One measure of coal’s significance is the economic value of its production. The
dramatic increase in coal’s price in 1974 caused coal’s value to more than double, but as
prices declined throughout the decade of the eighties, so did the value of production.
‘That reduction in price had forced coal companies to increase productivity (tonnage
mined per miner) in order to be profitable. The U.S. Department of Energy has estimated
that there are 1,609 million tons of recoverable reserves in Virginia at present. Based on
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the Static Reserve Index (Reserves current annual production) the mineable reserves may
be depleted in 36 years. According to the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research,
there are 2,160 million tons, which would be mined out in 48 years. The Virginia
Division of Mineral Resources gives a range of recoverable reserves of 1,995 to 4,393
million tons, which would last 44 to 98 years. Whether the coal resources will be
depleted in 36 or 98 years, coal mining will remain a major economic activity for the near
future.  Dickenson County was the third largest producer in 1999 with 4,284,833 tons
produced from 55 mines compared to a state total of 32,253,994 tons from 361 mines.
NATURAL GAS
Of the known natural gas fields in Virginia, major portions are located in the
Cumberland Plateau Planning District.  Most of the area is either covered by, or suitable
for hardwood forest growth.
It is important to distinguish between reserves and resources. Reserves include
those known deposits that are recoverable at today’s prices using today’s technology. In
addition to reserves, resources also include unknown deposits, as well as those known but
not developable profitably at today’s prices. According to recent government estimates,
the nation’s natural gas reserve and resource base is weak. This weakness will increase
the importance of Southwestern Virginia and is one of Dickenson County’s strengths.
Dickenson County is the second leading county in the state in the production of
natural gas. Natural gas demands have increased and will continue to increase into the
next century due to the development of new southern markets. Equitable Resources,
(formerly Philadelphia Oil Company, a subsidiary of PECO Resources, Inc.), dominates
natural gas development in Dickenson County. Other gas operators are Columbia Natural
Gas, Pine Mountain, and Virginia Gas Company.
Explorations that resulted in increases in Dickenson reserves in 1986 anticipated
the development of a new East Tennessee Natural Gas Company pipeline spur from
Philadelphia Oil’s Nora gas field to the main ETNG pipeline in Abingdon. The new
the Static Reserve Index (Reserves current annual production) the mineable reserves may
be depleted in 36 years. According to the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research,
there are 2,160 million tons, which would be mined out in 48 years. The Virginia
Division of Mineral Resources gives a range of recoverable reserves of 1,995 to 4,393
million tons, which would last 44 to 98 years, Whether the coal resources will be
depleted in 36 or 98 years, coal mining will remain a major economic activity for the near
future. Dickenson County was the third largest producer in 1999 with 4,284,833 tons
produced from 55 mines compared to a state total of 32,253,994 tons from 361 mines.
NATURAL GAS:
Of the known natural gas fields in Virginia, major portions are located in the
Cumberland Plateau Planning District. Most of the area is either covered by, or suitable
for hardwood forest growth.
It is important to distinguish between reserves and resources. Reserves include
those known deposits that are recoverable at today’s prices using today’s technology. In
addition to reserves, resources also include unknown deposits, as well as those known but
not developable profitably at today’s prices. According to recent government estimates,
the nation’s natural gas reserve and resource base is weak. This weakness will increase
the importance of Southwestern Virginia and is one of Dickenson County’s strengths.
Dickenson County is the second leading county in the state in the production of
natural gas. Natural gas demands have increased and will continue to increase into the
next century due to the development of new southern markets. Equitable Resources,
(formerly Philadelphia Oil Company, a subsidiary of PECO Resources, Inc.), dominates
natural gas development in Dickenson County. Other gas operators are Columbia Natural
Gas, Pine Mountain, and Virginia Gas Company.
Explorations that resulted in increases in Dickenson reserves in 1986 anticipated
the development of a new East Tennessee Natural Gas Company pipeline spur from
Philadelphia Oil’s Nora gas field to the main ETNG pipeline in Abingdon. The new
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ETNG pipeline has made available new markets in Southwest Virginia between Bristol
and Roanoke and as far south as Atlanta. Very little is being used locally except for
landowners that own reserves and have wells on their property. Natural gas is unavailable
to industries in most in areas of the county. Appalachian Natural Gas Distribution
Company is the licensed distributor for the region.
According to the Virginia Division of Oil and Gas, 1987, Dickenson County has
118.5 million cubic feet of natural gas reserves, the most in the state.  In 1999, Dickenson
County had a total of five gas operators producing 8,138,874 million cubic feet (mcf)
from 436 conventional gas wells; 9,526,242 mcf from 373 coal bed methane (cbm) wells;
and 139,375 mcf from five dual completion wells. (Dual completions wells produce both
cbm and conventional natural gas.) Columbia Natural Gas acquired permit rights to a gas
gathering system formerly operated by Virginia gas Company in the Haysi area of
Dickenson County. The newly acquired system is complementary to Columbia’s current
area of production and drilling activity.  Dickenson County had 53 cbm wells drilled, one
dual completion and 4 conventional wells totaling 58 wells during 1999. A total of 55
wells were completed (made ready for production) during the year. A total of 144,129
feet was drilled in Dickenson County in 1999.
      In Virginia in 1989, natural gas provided about 10 percent the primary energy 

and 14 percent to the end-use energy. Because of concerns about oil imports and the air
emissions from coal burning, many look to natural gas as an increasing source of energy
for Virginia and throughout the nation. Natural gas has been produced from the natural
gas fields in Southwest Virginia since the 1930’s. Production doubled in the mid-to-late
eighties and the development of unconventional coal seam gas has improved the
continued increase in natural gas production through the 1990’s and has steadily
increased through 2000.
In 2007, the County secured a regional operational headquarters established in the
Dickenson County Technology Park.  This announcement will create approximately a
100 + new jobs and annual schedule of 300 new wells over a period of 5 years.  Over this
ETNG pipeline has made available new markets in Southwest Virginia between Bristol
and Roanoke and as far south as Atlanta. Very little is being used locally except for
landowners that own reserves and have wells on their property. Natural gas is unavailable
to industries in most in areas of the county. Appalachian Natural Gas Distribution
‘Company is the licensed distributor for the region.
According to the Virginia Division of Oil and Gas, 1987, Dickenson County has
118.5 million cubic feet of natural gas reserves, the most in the state. In 1999, Dickenson
County had a total of five gas operators producing 8,138,874 million cubic feet (mef)
from 436 conventional gas wells; 9,526,242 mcf from 373 coal bed methane (cbm) wells;
and 139,375 mcf from five dual completion wells. (Dual completions wells produce both
cbm and conventional natural gas.) Columbia Natural Gas acquired permit rights to a gas
gathering system formerly operated by Virginia gas Company in the Haysi area of
Dickenson County. The newly acquired system is complementary to Columbia’s current
area of production and drilling activity. Dickenson County had 53 cbm wells drilled, one
dual completion and 4 conventional wells totaling 58 wells during 1999. A total of 55
wells were completed (made ready for production) during the year. A total of 144,129
feet was drilled in Dickenson County in 1999.
In Virginia in 1989, natural gas provided about 10 percent the primary energy
and 14 percent to the end-use energy. Because of concems about oil imports and the air
emissions from coal burning, many look to natural gas as an increasing source of energy
for Virginia and throughout the nation. Natural gas has been produced from the natural
gas fields in Southwest Virginia since the 1930’s. Production doubled in the mid-to-late
eighties and the development of unconventional coal seam gas has improved the
continued increase in natural gas production through the 1990’s and has steadily
increased through 2000.
In 2007, the County secured a regional operational headquarters established in the
Dickenson County Technology Park, This announcement will create approximately a
100 + new jobs and annual schedule of 300 new wells over a period of 5 years. Over this
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5-year period it is forecasted that 300-500m of new infrastructure will occur nearly
doubling the County’s current natural gas service.  In Virginia in 1990, Dickenson
County ranked number one in natural gas production and contains the second largest
reserve in the state, closely following Wise County, which currently has the largest
natural gas reserve in the state.  Reserve additions are expected with further discoveries,
improved economic conditions (higher prices), and new technology.
Substantial increases in Dickenson County’s natural gas activities led to a near
quintupling of production between 1983 and 1988, with levels slightly dropping since
then due partly to the poor market conditions in the north brought on by mild winter
weather.  Three major companies in Virginia produced more than 90 percent of the
state’s 1990 production.  One of these companies, Equitable Production Company, Inc.,
produces primarily in Dickenson County.  Equitable’s completion of the East Tennessee
Natural Gas (ETNG) pipeline spur into Dickenson County facilitated production
increases.
  Coal bed methane found in the coal seams offers an opportunity for production of 

unconventional gas.  A long-time hazard of underground mining, this gas has had to be
vented from mines to insure safe mining conditions.  After successful commercial
development in Alabama and New Mexico, this methane is now seen as a valuable
resource.  The greatest potential coal-bed methane resources are in the coal seams of
Dickenson and Buchanan Counties.
5-year period it is forecasted that 300-500m of new infrastructure will occur nearly
doubling the County’s current natural gas service. In Virginia in 1990, Dickenson
County ranked number one in natural gas production and contains the second largest
reserve in the state, closely following Wise County, which currently has the largest
natural gas reserve in the state, Reserve additions are expected with further discoveries,
improved economic conditions (higher prices), and new technology.
Substantial increases in Dickenson County’s natural gas activities led to a near
quintupling of production between 1983 and 1988, with levels slightly dropping since
then due partly to the poor market conditions in the north brought on by mild winter
weather. Three major companies in Virginia produced more than 90 percent of the
state’s 1990 production. One of these companies, Equitable Production Company, Inc.
produces primarily in Dickenson County. Equitable’s completion of the East Tennessee
Natural Gas (ETNG) pipeline spur into Dickenson County facilitated production
increases.
Coal bed methane found in the coal seams offers an opportunity for production of
unconventional gas. A long-time hazard of underground mining, this gas has had to be
vented from mines to insure safe mining conditions. After successfull commercial
development in Alabama and New Mexico, this methane is now seen as a valuable
resource. The greatest potential coal-bed methane resources are in the coal seams of
Dickenson and Buchanan Counties.
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NATURAL GAS RESERVES & PRODUCTION BY COUNTY
Natural Gas Productions by County
Year Buchanan Dickenson Russell Tazewell CPPD Virginia
1990 20,833,537 6,772,408 708,459 3,241,722 31,556,176 46,500,106
1991 18,023,461 6,283,745 898,515 3,090,052 28,295,773 42,336,136
1992 17,541,828 6,986,663 744,364 2,846,126 28,118,981 42,563,520
1993 13,964,187 6,117,093 1,305,355 2,911,719 24,298,354 40,090,647
1994 14,549,280 4,459,504 1,190,568 2,495,777 22,695,129 38,728,610
1995 14,055,640 2,816,862 1,505,289 2,521,619 20,899,410 35,917,208
1996 14,701,024 2,873,504 1,174,959 2,442,678 21,192,165 36,782,065
1997 13,974,831 3,360,165 1,009,029 2,285,455 20,629,480 36,889,166
1998 12,095,911 3,675,106 1,243,296 2,081,917 19,096,230 34,011,244
1999 10,084,364 4,284,833 1,301,532 1,930,922 17,574,701 32,253,994
Gas Production by County (Thousands of Cubic Feet)
County 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Total 88,893,179 85,800,555 81,085,896 76,914,535 71,542,817 71,545,334 71,825,640
Buchanan 49,989,439 50,637,115 49,487,021 45,389,410 44,479,589 44,384,057 41,916,758
Dickenson 20,192,044 17,475,252 15,734,527 16,480,236 14,877,235 14,859,535 17,665,116
Russell 6,422,942 5,901,345 4,876,771 3,500,511 2,075,174 491,297 615,795
Tazewell 3,886,336 3,153,322 2,485,299 2,563,883 1,846,158 1,912,571 1,604,506
NATURAL GAS RESERVES & PRODUCTION BY COUNTY
Natural Gas Productions by County
Year Buchanan Dickenson —-Russell_ Tazewell CPPD Virginia
1990 20,833,537 6,772,408 708,459 3,241,722 31,556,176 46,500,106
1991 18,023,461 6,283,745 898,515 3,090,052 28,295,773 42,336,136
1992 17,541,828 6,986,663 744,364 2,846,126 28,118,981 42,563,520
1993 13,964,187 6,117,093 1,305,355 2,911,719 24,298,354 40,090,647
1994 14,549,280 4,459,504 1,190,568 2,495,777 22,695,129 38,728,610
1995 14,055,640 2,816,862 1,505,289 2,521,619 20,899,410 35,917,208
1996 14,701,024 2,873,504 1,174,959 2,442,678 21,192,165 36,782,065
1997 13,974,831 3,360,165 1,009,029 2,285,455 20,629,480 36,889,166
1998 12,095,911 3,675,106 1,243,296 2,081,917 19,096,230 34,011,244
1999 10,084,364 4,284,833 1,301,532 1,930,922 17,574,701 32,253,994
Gas Production by County (Thousands of Cubic Feet)
County | 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Buchanan 49,989,439 50,637,115 49,487,021 45,389,410 44,479,589 44,384,057 41,916,758
Russi 422,942 5,901,345, 4,876,771 3,500,511 2,075,174, 491,297 615,795
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Conventional Gas Production by County (Thousands of Cubic Feet)
County 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Total 19,541,986 18,814,071 18,237,107 18,025,790 16,903,098 18,369,768 20,497,378
Buchanan 4,988,187 4,064,642 4,204,559 3,152,952 2,939,488 2,651,146 2,769,705
Dickenson 7,072,100 6,751,203 6,239,374 6,549,414 6,234,050 6,451,725 8,138,874
Russell 67,816 80,682 13,810 14,264 13,679 6,810 3,797
Tazewell 331,312 380,839 446,407 505,777 576,537 621,464 675,935
Source: DMME
Coal Bed Methane Production by County (Thousands of Cubic Feet)
Gas wells and anything connected with gas wells have to be taxed at real estate tax
levy.
Total assessed value of all gas wells for 2007:  $146,729,800.00
Total Taxes on all gas wells for 2007:  $764,915.40
Total assessed value of all pipelines for 2007:  $52,163,005.00
Total tax of all pipelines for 2007:  $285,664.20
Gas total in general 2005-2006 $4,926,370.02
2006-2007 $4,121,798.04
Coal total in general 2005-2006 $8,938,819.43
2006-2007 $8,856,999.95
County General Fund 2005-2006 $4,469,409.72
2006-2007 $4,035,786.86
County 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Total 69,067,538 66,694,059 62,558,476 58,584,411 54,364,189 52,870,607 51,328,262
Buchanan 44,053,374 46,548,902 45,255,875 42,205,506 41,513,823 41,705,538 39,147,053
Dickenson 6,355,126 10,650,467 9,402,443 9,821,619 8,540,781 8,298,209 9,526,242
Russell 6,355,024 5,820,663 4,862,961 3,486,247 2,061,495 484,487 611,998
Tazewell 3,555,024 2,772,483 2,038,892 2,058,106 1,269,621 1,291,107 928,571

ional Gas PI ion by Ci Th f Cubic Fe

County 2005 2004 2003 += 2002S 2001 += 2000 -=1999 |
Total 19,541,986 18,814,071 18,237,107 18,025,790 16,903,098 18,369,768 AXPAET
Buchanan 4,988,187 4,064,642 4,204,559 3,152,952 2,939,488 2,651,146. 2.769.705)
Dickenson 7,072,100 6,751,203 6,239,374 6,549,414 6,234,050 6,451,725 CER
Russell 67,816 80,682 13,810. 14,264 13,679 6,810 3.7
Tazewell 331,312 380,839 446,407 505,777 576,537 621,464 G5
Source: DMME
Be of Cubic Fe
County 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 |
Total 69,067,538 66,694,059 62,558,476 58,584,411 54,364,189 52,870,607 SLED
Buchanan 44,053,374 46,548,902 45,255,875 42,205,506 41,513,823 41,705,538 39.147053 |
Dickenson 6,355,126 10,650,467 9,402,443 9,821,619 8,540,781 8,298,209 9526222)
Russell 6,355,024 5,820,663 4,862,961 3,486,247 2,061,495 484,487 611,998
Tazewell 3,555,024 2,772,483 2,038,892 2,058,106 1,269,621 1,291,107 oss
Gas wells and anything connected with gas wells have to be taxed at real estate tax
levy.
Total as:
Total Taxes on all gas wells for 2007: $764,915.40
Total assessed value of all pipelines for 2007: $52,163,005.00
Total tax of all pipelines for 2007: $285,664.20
Gas total in general
Coal total in general
County General Fund
2005-2006
2006-2007
2006-2007
sed value of all gas wells for 2007: $146,729,800.00
$4,926,370.
$4,121,798.04
$8,938,819.
3
$8,856,999.95
2
23
The following is a list of gas companies and number of gas wells that each gas companies
have operating in Dickenson County as of February 20, 2008.
Equitable Production Company……………. 1729 wells
Chesapeake Appalachia LLC ………………47 wells
Appalachian Energy INC ……………………26 wells
Range Resources-Pine Mountain INC………14 wells
Elliott Productions ………………………… 2 wells
Blue Flame Energy Corporation…………… 1 well
Total Wells ………………………………… 1805
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Commercial forestland occupies 182,045 (86%) of the total land area of 212,077
acres. Most forestlands are owned by private individuals or by corporations. Non-
industrial landowners own approximately 167,718 acres (92%) while 1,279 acres (8%)
are publicly owned.  The forest has approximately 218,974,000 cubic feet of growing
stock (standing trees). About 92% of this consists of hardwoods and the remainder
softwoods. A large percentage of the hardwoods are red and white oaks and yellow
poplar. Small amounts of hickory, red maple, beech and ash can be found. The softwoods
are mostly hemlock and white pine with some yellow pine species scattered throughout
the county. Almost 70% of the timber is classified as saw timber size (11.0 DBH for
hardwoods; 9.0 DBH for softwoods). This indicates that a large percentage of the timber
is nearing maturity. On an annual basis the forest is growing four times the amount that is
harvested. Growth is 8,618,000 cubic feet with removals being 2,148,000 cubic feet.
Recent forest surveys for Southwest Virginia indicate more timber is being added each
year. Most of the forestland is privately owned and the timber is only harvested on a
demand basis.
Timber is an abundant natural resource in Dickenson County.  The 2006 Forest
Inventory Data by the United States Forest Service, part of the Department of
Agriculture, estimates the amount of timber resources, as well as the condition and types
available.  The Virginia Department of Forestry assists landowners in the management of
forest resources.
The following is a list of gas companies and number of gas wells that each gas companies
have operating in Dickenson County as of February 20, 2008
Equitable Production Company. 1729 wells
Chesapeake Appalachia LLC 47 wells
‘Appalachian Energy INC 26 wells
Range Resources-Pine Mountain INC. 14 wells
Elliott Productions … 2 wells
Blue Flame Energy Corporatio I well
Total Wel … 1805
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Commercial forestland occupies 182,045 (86%) of the total land area of 212,077
acres. Most forestlands are owned by private individuals or by corporations. Non-
industrial landowners own approximately 167,718 acres (92%) while 1,279 acres (8%)
are publicly owned. The forest has approximately 218,974,000 cubic feet of growing
stock (standing trees). About 92% of this consists of hardwoods and the remainder
softwoods. A large percentage of the hardwoods are red and white oaks and yellow
poplar. Small amounts of hickory, red maple, beech and ash can be found. The softwoods
are mostly hemlock and white pine with some yellow pine species scattered throughout
the county. Almost 70% of the timber is clas
fied as saw timber size (11.0 DBH for
hardwoods; 9.0 DBH for softwoods). This indicates that a large percentage of the timber
is nearing maturity. On an annual basis the forest is growing four times the amount that is
harvested. Growth is 8,618,000 cubic feet with removals being 2,148,000 cubie feet.
Recent forest surveys for Southwest Virginia indicate more timber is being added each
year. Most of the forestland is privately owned and the timber is only harvested on a
demand basis.
Timber is an abundant natural resource in Dickenson County. The 2006 Forest
Inventory Data by the United States Forest Service, part of the Department of
Agriculture, estimates the amount of timber resources, as well as the condition and types
available. The Virginia Department of Forestry assists landowners in the management of
forest resources.
23
24
Saw timber size trees must have a diameter of at least 9 inches for softwoods, 11 

inches for hardwoods.  The diameter is measured outside the bark at breast height, 4.5feet
above the ground.  Growing stock trees are commercial trees having a diameter of 5
inches or larger at breast height, with saw timber sized trees included.  A growing stock
tree must have the potential to contain at least a 12-foot log, or have two noncontiguous
saw logs each eight feet or longer.  Grade requirements, a classification based on external
characteristics, which indicate value, must also be met.
  Softwood trees are gymnosperms, usually evergreen trees, having needles or 

scale-like leaves.  Pine is softwood; other softwoods in the region are cedar, hemlock and
spruce.  Hardwood trees are angiosperms, and typically are broad leaved and deciduous.
Hard wood trees can be either soft or hard textured, therefore are listed as soft hardwood
or hard hardwood.
 Hard textured hardwoods include sugar maple, birch, hickory, dogwood, beech, 

ash, black walnut and oak. Red and silver maple, sycamore, willow and elm are examples
of soft textured hardwood. Yellow Poplar, which is a significant component of Dickenson
County forests, is also a soft textured hardwood.
Due to past harvesting methods, the quality of timberland in Dickenson County
and the surrounding counties has steadily declined.  Traditionally, the forests of these
counties have been selectively cut or “high-grades”, where the best timber is removed,
leaving the less desirable timber to become dominate. The result is a species conversion
from the preferred yellow poplar and upland oak to beech, maple and lower quality oak.
Although the potential exists for Dickenson County to maintain and improve the
high quality timber marker, development of additional markets such as pulpwood and
low-grade timber should also be considered.
Saw timber size trees must have a diameter of at least 9 inches for softwoods, 11
inches for hardwoods. The diameter is measured outside the bark at breast height, 4.5feet
above the ground. Growing stock trees are commercial trees having a diameter of 5
inches or larger at breast height, with saw timber sized trees included. A growing stock
tree must have the potential to contain at least a 12-foot log, or have two noncontiguous
saw logs each eight feet or longer. Grade requirements, a classification based on external
characteristics, which indicate value, must also be met.
Softwood trees are gymnosperms, usually evergreen trees, having needles or
scale-like leaves. Pine is softwood; other softwoods in the region are cedar, hemlock and
spruce, Hardwood trees are angiosperms, and typically are broad leaved and deciduous
Hard wood trees can be either soft or hard textured, therefore are listed as soft hardwood
or hard hardwood.
Hard textured hardwoods include sugar maple, birch, hickory, dogwood, beech,
ash, black walnut and oak. Red and silver maple, sycamore, willow and elm are examples
of soft textured hardwood. Yellow Poplar, which is a significant component of Dickenson
County forests, is also a soft textured hardwood.
Due to past harvesting methods, the quality of timberland in Dickenson County
and the surrounding counties has steadily declined. Traditionally, the forests of these
counties have been selectively cut or “high-grades”, where the best timber is removed,
leaving the less desirable timber to become dominate. The result is a species conversion
from the preferred yellow poplar and upland oak to beech, maple and lower quality oak.
Although the potential exists for Dickenson County to maintain and improve the
high quality timber marker, development of additional markets such as pulpwood and
low-grade timber should also be considered.
24
25
Through better management techniques, such as proper pre-harvest, harvest, and
post-harvest practices, the quality of this renewable resource will be improved.  In
addition, proper management will protect soil and water quality and enhance wildlife.
SENSITIVE HABITATS
The Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Divisions of State Parks and
Natural Areas has set aside locations within each state park that represent the natural
diversity of that area.  The Breaks Interstate Park includes a protected natural area.  The
title “natural area”, as stated in the 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan, is as follows;  “An area
of land, wetland, or water which manifests a natural character, although it need not be
completely undisturbed, and/or which sustains rare or exemplary natural features
characteristic of Virginia’s natural heritage and which has scientific or education value.”
  Beginning with the Open Space Land Act in 1966, the General Assembly 

authorized local governments and park authorities to acquire land/or certain rights in
order to preserve open space.  According to this law, land may qualify for protection if it
displays significant natural features or historic, scenic, or scientific qualities.
  Article XI, Section 1 of the Virginia Constitution, which states in relevant part, 

“Further it shall be the Commonwealth’s policy to protect its atmosphere, lands, and
waters from pollution impairment, or destruction for the benefit, employment, and
general welfare of the people of the Commonwealth” Is the legal foundation for resource
preservation of this type.
  If an adequate example of each of Virginia’s natural community types are 

protected, then the majority of the species native to the state will be preserved because
they are the usual components of those communities.  A list is compiled of exceedingly
rare plants and animals, and those with very uncommon habitat types, in order to
carefully monitor them.  The following page contains the inhabitants of Dickenson
County that are cited in Virginia’s Endangered Species as being either endangered,
threatened, or of special concern.
Through better management techniques, such as proper pre-harvest, harvest, and
post-harvest practices, the quality of this renewable resource will be improved. In
addition, proper management will protect soil and water quality and enhance wildlife.
SENSITIVE HABITATS:
The Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Divisions of State Parks and
Natural Areas has set aside locations within each state park that represent the natural
diversity of that area, ‘The Breaks Interstate Park includes a protected natural area. The
title “natural area”, as stated in the 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan, is as follows; “An area
of land, wetland, or water which manifests a natural character, although it need not be
completely undisturbed, and/or which sustains rare or exemplary natural features
characteristic of Virginia’s natural heritage and which has scientific or education value.”
Beginning with the Open Space Land Act in 1966, the General Assembly
authorized local governments and park authorities to acquire land/or certain rights in
order to preserve open space. According to this law, land may qualify for protection if it
displays significant natural features or historic, scenic, or scientific qualities.
Article XI, Section 1 of the Virginia Constitution, which states in relevant part,
“Further it shall be the Commonwealth’s policy to protect its atmosphere, lands, and
‘waters from pollution impairment, or destruction for the benefit, employment, and
general welfare of the people of the Commonwealth’ Is the legal foundation for resource
preservation of this type.
If an adequate example of each of Virginia’s natural community types are
protected, then the majority of the species native to the state will be preserved because
they are the usual components of those communities. A list is compiled of exceedingly
rare plants and animals, and those with very uncommon habitat types, in order to
carefully monitor them, The following page contains the inhabitants of Dickenson
County that are cited in Virginia’s Endangered Species as being either endangered,
threatened, or of special concern,
25
26
Virginia Endangered
Virginia Spiraea, Spiraea Virginian, Federal Threatened
Bewick’s Wren, Thryomanes bewickii (recommended)
Virginia Threatened
Brown supercoil (snail) Paravitrea septadens (recommended)
Swainson’s Warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii  (recommended)
Virginia Special Concern
Carey saxifrage, Saxifraga careyana
Dwarf anemone, Anemone minima
Nodding mandarin, Disporum maculatum
Drooping Trillium, Trillium flexipes
Nodding pogonia, Triphora trianthophora
Large-flowered heatleaf, Hexastylis shuttleworhii
Round-leaved catchfly, Silene rotundifolia
Mountain bitter-cress, Cardamine clematitis
Little-leaved alum-root, Heuchera parviflora
Large-fruited sanicle, Sanicule trifoliate
Box huckleberry, Gaylussacia brachucera
Baker’s rhododendron, Rhododendron    cumberlandense
Great Indian-plantain, Cacalia muhlenbergii
Glossy supercoil (snail), Ventridens lawae
Balsam globe (snail), Mesodon andrewsad
Buttress threetooth (snail), Triodopsis rugose
By using traditional land acquisition techniques along with administrative and
voluntary protection by landowners, the components of Virginia’s natural diversity and
the natural habitats of Dickenson County can be safeguarded in ways that best fit each
particular situation.
Virginia Endangered
Virginia Spiraea, Spiraea Virginian, Federal Threatened
Bewick’s Wren, Thryomanes bewickii (recommended)
Virginia Threatened
Brown supercoil (snail) Paravitrea septadens (recommended)
Swainson’s Warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii (recommended)
Virginia Special Concern
Carey saxifrage, Saxifraga careyana
Dwarf anemone, Anemone minima
‘Nodding mandarin, Disporum maculatum
Drooping Trillium, Trillium flexipes
‘Nodding pogonia, Triphora trianthophora
Large-flowered heatleaf, Hexastylis shuttleworhii
Round-leaved catchfly, Silene rotundifolia
Mountain bitter-cress, Cardamine clematitis,
Little-leaved alum-root, Heuchera parviflora
Large-fruited sanicle, Sanicule trifoliate
Box huckleberry, Gaylussacia brachucera
Baker’s rhododendron, Rhododendron cumberlandense
Great Indian-plantain, Cacalia mublenbergii
Glossy supercoil (snail), Ventridens lawae
Balsam globe (snail), Mesodon andrewsad
Buttress threetooth (snail), Triodopsis rugose
By using traditional land acquisition techniques along with administrative and
voluntary protection by landowners, the components of Virginia’s natural diversity and
the natural habitats of Dickenson County can be safeguarded in ways that best fit each
particular situation.
26
27
POPULATION TRENDS
DENSITY
Approximately 90 percent of Dickenson County’s population resides outside the
Counties incorporated towns, while 9 percent reside in the town of Clintwood and the
remaining 1 percent lives in the town of Haysi.  These two towns account for 1,764 of the
count’s residents, or 10 percent of the county’s total population.  Dickenson County has a
density of 59 people per square mile.  The density per square mile for the town of
Clintwood is much larger, almost 750 people per square mile, and although Haysi
contains less than a square mile of land area, its density is 252 people per square mile.
DISTRIBUTION
  The distribution pattern of Dickenson County’s population is linear, with 

development following the major streams, ridge tops and highways.  This linear growth is
likely to continue, given the limited amount of developable land.
RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dickenson County has a primarily white population, with minority groups totaling
approximately 101 persons in 1990, which is less than one percent of the county.
POPULATION TRENDS
Source: Virginia Employment Commission
1994 Population 2004 Population % Changes
Dickenson County 17,525 16,212 -7.5%
Tazewell County 46,283 44,634 -3.6%
Russell County 29,557 28,857 -2.4%
Buchanan County 30,275 25,143 -17.0%
Virginia
Statewide
6,593,139 7,472,448 13.3%
POPULATION TRENDS
DENSITY
Approximately 90 percent of Dickenson County’s population resides outside the
Counties incorporated towns, while 9 percent reside in the town of Clintwood and the
remaining | percent lives in the town of Haysi. These two towns account for 1,764 of the
count’s residents, or 10 percent of the county’s total population. Dickenson County has a
density of 59 people per square mile. The density per square mile for the town of
Clintwood is much larger, almost 750 people per square mile, and although Haysi
contains less than a square mile of land area, its density is 252 people per square mile.
DISTRIBUTION
The distribution pattern of Dickenson County’s population is linear, with
development following the major streams, ridge tops and highways. This linear growth is
likely to continue, given the limited amount of developable land.
RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dickenson County has a primarily white population, with minority groups totaling
approximately 101 persons in 1990, which is less than one percent of the county.
POPULATION TRENDS
1994 Population | 2004 Population | % Changes
Tazewell County | 46,283 44,634
Source: Virginia Employment Commission
27
28
Dickenson County
Demographic Profile
Population Change
Dickenson County Virginia
18000 “|
‘ra. ecu Z
fom § exam
i ; yA
Pee Brace
“| soc0r
16,00- 6,220,000
pr a a a
Year Yea
ickenson County —(% change) Virginia % change) |
1990 17552 6.21684
2000 1635168 7104078 1427%
2010 15975__230% 010.02 __1276%
2020 15868 067% 8907595 1133%
2030 15,863 -0,03 % 9,825,288 10.18 %
Sour’ US. Census Bureou Vina Engloyment Conmisin,
28
29
AGE CHARACTERISTICS
The age of populations can be used as a rough indicator of the level and type
services, which are needed and desired in an area.  Each age group generally possesses
certain needs and desires which are quite different from those of the other age groups.
The obvious trend is that the population of Dickenson County is growing older.
 The median age of all the counties within the Cumberland Plateau Planning 

District is increasing, and currently Dickenson County’s median age is 39.7 years old.
This median age is expected to increase, due to several factors such as a lack of job
opportunities for young adults and the resulting outward migration as graduates leave and
do not return.  Also contributing to the aging population is the influence of the
nationwide group known as baby boomers.  As this segment of the nation’s population
grows old, no county will be left unaffected and many adjustments will need to be made
to support their needs.
MEDIAN  AGES:  1970-2000
1970  1980  1990  2000
Dickenson           28.50               28.0         34.0          39.7
Buchanan          21.50               25.9         32.2          38.8
Russell            27.30          29.3          34.6           38.7
Tazewell                   28.10              29.6          35.4           40.7
CPPD                         26.35             28.2                 34.1               n/a
Virginia                     26.80             29.80               32.6           35.7
AGE CHARACTERISTICS
The age of populations can be used as a rough indicator of the level and type
services, which are needed and desired in an area. Each age group generally possesses
certain needs and desires which are quite different from those of the other age groups.
The obvious trend is that the population of Dickenson County is growing older.
The median age of all the counties within the Cumberland Plateau Planning
District is increasing, and currently Dickenson County’s median age is 39.7 years old.
This median age is expected to increase, due to several factors such as a lack of job
opportunities for young adults and the resulting outward migration as graduates leave and
do not return, Also contributing to the aging population is the influence of the
nationwide group known as baby boomers. As this segment of the nation’s population
grows old, no county will be left unaffected and many adjustments will need to be made
to support their needs.
MEDIAN AGES: 1970-2000
1970 1980 1990 2000
Dickenson 28.50 28.0 34.0 39.7
Buchanan 21.50 25.9 32.2 38.8
Russell 27.30 29.3 34.6 38.7
Tazewell 28.10 29.6 35.4 40.7
PPD 26.35 28.2 34.1 wa
Virginia 26.80 29.80 32.6 35.7
29
30
County Demographic Profile
Population by Age
15 years andove
e010 84 00
75107 yea
The 7 yea.
651080 yeas:
soto 6s year.
sstoso yes.
90 yes
45 0yems.
4010 ae yes
Swe,
91034 yee:
Bima.
Dt 2¢yeae.
151519 ye:
1010 14 year
Stoo yee
Under 5 yrs
20 0 00 cs 700 1300 700
Under 5 years 461,982 19,175,798.
3 to9 years 55,084 20,548,505
0 to 14 years 295,955 20,528,072
15 t0 19 years 24.055 20,219,890
20 to 24 years 480,574 136,964,001
25 to 29 years 457,272 19,381,336
30 10 34 years 339,795 20,510,588,
35 10 39 years 610,810 22,706,664
40 10 44 years 389,880, 22,441,863,
5 10 49 years 526,221 20,082,404
‘50 t0 54 years 473,035 17,585,548
155 to 59 years 38,442 1368237
160 t0 64 years 273.369 10,805,447
65 10 69 years 229,585 9,533,545
7010 74 years 202,903 Eooza
75 0078 years 166,378 7,ai5 813
80 t0 84 years 306,433 4,945,367
185 years and over 27,268 4,239,587
7,078,515 281,421,506
‘source: 2000 Census
30
31
FORECASTS
  According to Virginia Population 2020 Projections, the populations of Dickenson 

County were forecasted to continue dropping slightly over the next twenty years.
Although, recent indicators reflect an approximate 2% increase annually.  The Virginia
Employment Commission produces both long and short population projects to serve as
common reference points in the planning and development of programs and facilities.
The projections are to be used as guidelines by all agencies, boards, and commissions in
preparing required plans, programs, and budget requests.
Population by Gender
‘Source: 2000 Census.
Male 8,017 3,471,895 138,053,563
Female 8,378 3,606,620 143,368,343
16,395 7,078,515 281,421,906
FORECASTS
According to Virginia Population 2020 Projections, the populations of Dickenson
County were forecasted to continue dropping slightly over the next twenty years.
Although, recent indicators reflect an approximate 2% increase annually. The Virginia
Employment Commission produces both long and short population projects to serve as
‘common reference points in the planning and development of programs and facilities.
The projections are to be used as guidelines by all agencies, boards, and commissions in
preparing required plans, programs, and budget requests.
31
32
Dickenson County Demographic Profile
Population Projections by Age and Gender
Under 5 years 373 377 362 366 309 315
5 to9 years 338 376 394 382 378 372
10 to 14 years 33 438 415 405 418 aia
15 to 19 years “as 25 369 364 3a 308
20 to 24 years 4 401 285 306 287 27
25 to 29 years 507 S72 326 3a 239 233
30 to 34 years 544 583 368 413 316 331
35 to 39 years 480 37 337 583 362 375
“40 to 44 years 518 7 566 550 339 440
45 to 49 years eat 590 495 457 378 635
50 to 54 years 752 655 583 484 654 660
55 to 59 years 7 2 70% a2 576 499
60 to 64 years 563 a4 736 688 608 22
65 to 69 years ei 433 648 673 685 608
70 to 74 years 27 268 433 484 604 346
75 to 79 years 251 138 277 285 a7 462
180 to 84 years 28 150 219 154 239 288
185 years and over 333 4 449 98 700 a7
3185 7,790 8,183 7,685 8301 7562
15,975, 15,868 15,863
Source: Vga Employment Commission.
Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity
2010 2020 2030
Total
Total Population 15975 15,868 15,868
Race
White 15,742 15,543 15,415
‘lack or Affican American % ne ae
‘American Indian oF Alaska Native B 4 2
Asian 7 28 23
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 107 168 28
‘Source: Vigna Employment Cammission.
32
33
Buchanan County Demographic Profile
Population Projections by Age and Gender
2010
Female
Under 5 years 533 570 an 503 0 435
5 to9 years 564 a 520 558 505 5a
10 to 14 years 572 as 543 606 5a on
15 to 19 year 589 CH 422 545 By mm
20 to 24 year 75 21 3m 3a 36
25 to 29 years 2 76 aut 461 3H
665 7 459 422 m5
667 782 eas 755 478 Ey
40 to 44 years 760 Za 51 067 Fy 56
Wwowyas RSS 672 a a 2
50 to 54 years 902 115 767 74 1 32
5S to 59 years oA Bo 24 M45 72 735
to 64 year 972 769 883 961 797 ou
65 to 69 years 40 as 70 76 6 30
70 to 74 years 545 “0 702 535 on 72
75 to 79 years 334 ET 462 269 38
180 to 84 years 22 Ba us 168 2
‘Byearmandover SD 453 66 B
11,267 11599 10434 10529 0343
2808 20,973 20,967
Scuce: Viginia Employment Commesien
Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity
2010 2020
Total
Tots Population 22866 20.973 20367
Race
Wate 24853 49722 19235
Bleck or Wican American 785 978 4069
“amaricen Indien oF Aleake Native @ 8 7
or oe 5 166
Ethnicity
Hparic or tino (of sy rece) 166 268 on
Source: Vighia Emgkeyment Commission
33
34
Russell County, Demographic Profile
Population Projections by Age and Gender
2010 2020 2030
Female Female Femate
Under 5 years m7 837 asi ‘10
5109 years on 250 235 69
10 to 14 years 307 cy oS c=
15 to 19 years 0 7 ear an
20 to 24 years 710 710 724 oa
25 10 29 years 0 105% soz 756 783 773
30 1034 years 1.007 1135 a7 239 eS 782
35 10 39 years 1,027, ‘73 1,002, 1183 oa 357
40 t0 44 years 356 370 1,089 1195 os 318
45 1049 years 1190 1058 1133 1,001 7120 Ta
501054 years 7310, 174 1,082 73 126 1235
35 1059 years Tat Prez] 1233 7038 7207 144
160 t0 64 years 1,000) 1,047 1,301 1,130 ain 351
5 10 69 years 20 88 1,080 953 1a7E oy
70 1074 years 0 333 860 736 1as2 om
75 1079 years 7 34 er 461 a0 es
0 t0 84 years 35 Br Es) Ez a0 cy
155 years and over ae 0 524 130 720 13
re Coy Ce 16,229 45013" ~—~«7,021—SC«S A
30,100 31,242 32,439
‘Source Vira Employment Commission
Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity
2010 2020 2030]
Total
"Total Population 35100 saa Tae
Race
wnt. 2508 Daas 3a
‘ack or Afocan American 287 312 38
‘american 1odian o- Alaska Nave 2 26 2
Bean 3 ™
Ethnicity
span or Latino (ot any ra08) 259 cry a
‘Soute! Vegi Esoyment Cammisson
34
35
Population Projections by Age and Gender
Under S years 41,093, 4140 4184 4,238, 4,100 1,150
5 to 9 years 1157 4182 1250 1,295 1,286, 1332
10 to 14 years 1245, 134 1223 FEET 4362 TAS
15 to 19 years 1247 1457 4,16 4,285 1,250 1 Aaa
BOwIayears toa C« OS 932 41,007, 3 718
25 t0 29 years 1472 1,366 1091 4443 1004 1047
30 wo 34 years 1537, 1674 4202 118 iis Tia
35 1039 years 1440 1459 1657 1,501 1,265 1303
40 to 44 years 15, 1273 1596 1,564 1,380 1317
5 to 49 years 1,686 4511 4529 4,552 1813 1535
3010 54 years 1334 1817 Tals 1354 1852 2051
55 1059 years 1,962 1,826 1775 1572 1,565, 1582
50 64 years 1759 1603 2028 4,762 1480 1351
5 1069 years 1H 1225 4942 4754 1807 1556
Jowrayers oes 1618 1,354 1331 1518
751079 years 839 570 1083 307 1,602 1181
0 wo 84 years 688 330 73 a] 7120 739
15 years and over 308 260 1p24 297 1487, 385
23,730 22,029 24,493 2,733 25,467 23,305
45,759 47,228 48,72
‘Source: Vigins Employment Commission
Population Projections by Race/Ethnicity
2010 2020 2030
Total
Total Population 35,755 47226 45772
Race
White 73,780 Ec 5 305
Black or Wrcan American, 1.075 117 1351
‘American Indian o Alaska Natve 7 GJ Ss
Asan ae 737 Ti
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Usino (ot any race) Em 601 37
Sure: Veginis Employment Commission
35
36
ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
The coal mining and natural gas industry represent the County of Dickenson’s
major employment, while basic employment is defined as the employment in industries,
which sell most of their goods and services outside of the area.  Governmental services
represent a large sector of employment.  Emphasis is always placed on the basic
employment sector because it is the primary sources of area growth.  An economy based
on a single industry, such as coal or natural gas is subjected to the global/national
economy.  Dependence on one basic industry makes the economy of an area highly
susceptible to changes in that industry.  Industries, which sell most of their goods to
outside areas, depend on national or regional demand rather than on local demand.
  The national demand for coal during the 1960’s decreased, as oil and natural gas 

moved into coal’s major markets as home and industrial heating fuel.  Stricter
environmental controls added to the diminishing demand for coal, and mechanization
within the industry further eliminated the need for larger workforces.  Many of the
smaller mining establishments were unable to afford the costs of updating to a long wall
system and could not absorb the short-term losses that the larger companies could, so
they closed down entirely.  The economy of Dickenson County suffered during this time
and population declined.  The coal upturn of the 1970’s brought a short-lived boost to the
area’s economy, but during the 1980’s, economic decline became apparent by the high
rates of unemployment and the low levels of family income for Dickenson County.
UNEMPLOYMENT
A commonly cited statistic for economic health is the unemployment rate and
Dickenson County has historically lagged far behind both the region and the state. In the
late 80s and early 90s as well as in 2002, double-digit unemployment rates in Dickenson
County were common during the last major downturn of the coal industry. This was
likely a result of a major job loss at a county-based call center, Travelocity.com, in
addition to the sale of holdings by Pittston Coal Corporation and the period of uncertainty
and the transition of ownership to Alpha Natural Resources and their implementation of
ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
The coal mining and natural gas industry represent the County of Dickenson’s
major employment, while basic employment is defined as the employment in industries,
which sell most of their goods and services outside of the area. Governmental services
represent a large sector of employment. Emphasis is always placed on the basic
employment sector because it is the primary sources of area growth. An economy based
ona single industry, such as coal or natural gas is subjected to the global/national
economy. Dependence on one basic industry makes the economy of an area highly
susceptible to changes in that industry. Industries, which sell most of their goods to
outside areas, depend on national or regional demand rather than on local demand.
The national demand for coal during the 1960’s decreased, as oil and natural gas
moved into coal’s major markets as home and industrial heating fuel. Stricter
environmental controls added to the diminishing demand for coal, and mechanization
within the industry further eliminated the need for larger workforces. Many of the
smaller mining establishments were unable to afford the costs of updating to a long wall
system and could not absorb the short-term losses that the larger companies could, so
they closed down entirely. The economy of Dickenson County suffered during this time
and population declined, The coal uptum of the 1970’s brought a short-lived boost to the
area’s economy, but during the 1980°s, economic decline became apparent by the high
rates of unemployment and the low levels of family income for Dickenson County.
UNEMPLOYMENT
A commonly cited statistic for economic health is the unemployment rate and
Dickenson County has historically lagged far behind both the region and the state. In the
late 80s and early 90s as well as in 2002, double-digit unemployment rates in Dickenson
County were common during the last major downturn of the coal industry. This was
likely a result of a major job loss at a county-based call center, Travelocity.com, in
addition to the sale of holdings by Pittston Coal Corporation and the period of uncertainty
and the transition of ownership to Alpha Natural Resources and their implementation of
36
37
Unemployment Rate: Dickenson County vs
Virginia, 2000-2005
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
(Dec)
Dickenson County
Virginia
production). As the following chart shows, current rates are more reasonable and show a
general downward turn and a more equitable standing with the statewide average
reasoning.
Still the data indicates that Dickenson County faces many challenges in the
foreseeable future.  Through the 1990’s coal production and sales were moderate to low
retaining little growth through the transition of Pittston Coal selling its holdings to Alpha
Natural Resources.  The transition and implementation of production of mining occurred
in 2002.  The economy shifted with emphasis and demand for coal due to oil prices and
global unrest creating a strong and vibrant market for natural resources.  This demand has
placed an emphasis on the need for experienced miners and the development of training a
new generation of coal miners.  Markets are currently stable with long-term contracts for
purchase of coal and the potential for the development of a new coal fired plant in a
neighboring locality could assist with stabilization of the coal industry for decades to
come.  One area of concern is that of new federal and state regulations for mining search
and rescue requirements to all coal operators.  This regulation will force a financial
burden to coal companies and the potential for smaller operations to cease due to the
financial burdens.
production). As the following chart shows, current rates are more reasonable and show a
general downward turn and a more equitable standing with the statewide average
reasoning.
Unemployment Rate: Dickenson County vs
Virginia, 2000-2005
12
10
8 —¢— Dickenson County
—s— Virginia
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
(Dec)
NRO
Still the data indicates that Dickenson County faces many challenges in the
foreseeable future. Through the 1990’s coal production and sales were moderate to low
retaining little growth through the transition of Pittston Coal selling its holdings to Alpha
Natural Resources. The transition and implementation of production of mining occurred
in 2002. The economy shifted with emphasis and demand for coal due to oil prices and
global unrest creating a strong and vibrant market for natural resources. This demand has
placed an emphasis on the need for experienced miners and the development of training a
new generation of coal miners. Markets are currently stable with long-term contracts for
purchase of coal and the potential for the development of a new coal fired plant in a
neighboring locality could assist with stabilization of the coal industry for decades to
come. One area of concern is that of new federal and state regulations for mining search
and rescue requirements to all coal operators. This regulation will force a financial
burden to coal companies and the potential for smaller operations to cease due to the
financial burdens.
37
38
Other concerns includes:  retired persons; seasonal workers not employed and not
actively seeking employment during the week census information is collected.
Temporarily ill or disabled persons; voluntarily idle persons; persons working unpaid in a
family business less than 15 hours per week; and discouraged workers who have given up
looking for work because they do not believe they can find a job.
Potential workers at some point join the ranks of discouraged workers due to a
lack of opportunities in the county, sometimes called a “job famine”.  One way to
compare the availability of employment in Dickenson County to the availability of
employment in the State of Virginia is to calculate the number of people employed as a
percentage of the working age population.  The number of discouraged workers suffering
from “job famine” is found by subtracting Dickenson County’s work force participation
rate from the participation rate average for the State of Virginia, which is 68.9 percent.
That difference, 25 percent, is equal to 3,365 workers.  These discouraged workers are
added to the number of unemployed workers in Dickenson County (815 in 1990) and
together total 4,619 persons, 32.7 percent of Dickenson County’s working age
population.
Source: Virginia Employment Commission
Other concerns includes: retired persons; seasonal workers not employed and not
actively seeking employment during the week census information is collected.
Temporarily ill or disabled persons; voluntarily idle persons; persons working unpaid in a
family business less than 15 hours per week: and discouraged workers who have given up
looking for work because they do not believe they can find a job.
Potential workers at some point join the ranks of discouraged workers due to a
lack of opportunities in the county, sometimes called a “job famine”. One way to
compare the availability of employment in Dickenson County to the availability of
employment in the State of Virginia is to calculate the number of people employed as a
percentage of the working age population. The number of discouraged workers suffering
from “job famine” is found by subtracting Dickenson County’s work force participation
rate from the participation rate average for the State of Virginia, which is 68.9 percent.
That difference, 25 percent, is equal to 3,365 workers. These discouraged workers are
added to the number of unemployed workers in Dickenson County (815 in 1990) and
together total 4,619 persons, 32.7 percent of Dickenson County’s working age
population,
Ee ES EE ME SI
a Ve VV
co Cy cS Vd MT Engl_vsee| ene | omg
Sa z —_ tt
Source: Virginia Employment Commission
38
39
Dickenson County Economic Profile
Unemployment Rates
Past 12 Months
@ Dickenson County 1m Virginia @ United States
808
70%
60%
50%
408
ni
20%,
‘Aug Sep-Oct, Nov, ee, dan Fear, May.
poo 2006 boson os aN07 «ony 02m? ep aany satya
Dickenson County United States
‘Aug. 2006 5.4% 5%
‘Sep. 2006 47 44%
‘ct. 2006 42% 41%
‘Nov. 2006 47% 43%
Dec, 2006 48% 45%
Ban. 2007 52% 5.0%
Feb. 2007 58 4.9%
Mav. 2007 4.8% 45%
‘Apr. 2007, 45% 43%
May 2007 5.0% 28% 45%
Jun. 2007 5.6% 32% 4%
Bul. 2007 58% 3% 49%
‘Aug. 2007 6% 3a 45%
Source: vgs Enpioyment Commission,
‘Local drea Unempoymant statistics.
39
40
Buchanan County Economic Profile
Unemployment Rates
Past 12 Months
@ Buchanan County 1 Viginia @ United States
60%
50%
40%
30%
208
10%
00%
‘ug Sep. Oct. Nw Des, ane Mae, May Jun.
a a a
‘Buchanan County Vieginia United States
‘Aug. 2006 5.5% 3.2% 45%
Sep. 2008, 5.0% 3.1% 4%
‘Oct. 2006 27% 4%
‘Nov. 2006 28% 43%
‘Dec. 2006 2.7% cery
dan. 2007 32% 5.0%
Feb. 2007 3.2% 49%
‘Mar. 2007 3% 45%
‘Apr. 2007 29% 43%
‘May 2007 28% 43%
Jun. 2007 320 a7
Jul. 2007 3% 43%
‘Rug. 2007 3. 45%
Source: vrginia Employment Commission,
{Local Area unemmpoyment States,
41
Russell County Economic Profile
Unemployment Rates
Past 12 Mouths
@ Russet County a Vig @ Uoied seates
80%
70%
60%
sos
40%
of ee
20%
10%
00% }
‘Au Sep. Oct, Nya, an Feb Mare, May
Sop 308 eas aso doer arya
Russell County
‘Aug. 2006 6.4%
Sep. 2008 57%
‘Oct. 2006 EECY
‘Nov. 2008 45%
Dec. 2006 49%
Ban. 2007 6.0%
Feb. 2007 5%
Mar. 2007 Ty
‘Ape. 2007 28%
May 2007 45%
Jun. 2007 48%
Jul. 2007 5% 3% 49%
‘Aug. 2007 5.0% 3%, 4.5%
Source: vigiie Empioyment Commission,
Local Area Unempoyment istics.
41
42
Tazewell County Economic Profile
Unemployment Rates
Past 12 Monts
@ Tezewel County Virginia @ Unnes sates
60%
50%
4%
308
20%
10%
00%
ot Non eo Jane, e.My in JA
poe foe) toe tos mons eg orto? orem SOF
szewell County virginia United States|
‘Aug. 2006 4% 3.2%, 46%
‘Sep. 2006 40% 3% 4a
‘Oct. 2006 35% 276, 41%
Nev. 2006 32% cy ae
Dec. 2006 3.2% 2% 4%
Jan. 2007 37% 3.2% 50%
Feb. 2007 4%, 32 49%
‘Mar. 2007 oy Excy 45%
‘Apr. 2007 359% 29% 4%
‘May 2007 37% 2.8% 43%
Bun. 2007 25% Ey are
Jul. 2007 5.3% ERCY 49%
‘Aug. 2007 57% 3.1% 45%
‘Seurce: vgs Emptopment Commission,
Local area Unemployment Sites.
42
43
INCOME
Dickenson County has the lowest per capita income and the lowest median family
income, when compared to the counties in the Cumberland Plateau Planning District.  All
counties within the district have below average incomes for the state of Virginia.  Income
disparity is expected to remain constant without addressing availability of jobs and
increasing educational attainment.
PER CAPITA INCOME: 1994-2004
BUCHANAN COUNTY
2004 $22,960
2003 $21,612
2002 $20,879
2001 $20,519
2000 $19,475
1999 $18,528
1998 $17,957
1997 $17,711
1996 $16,424
1995 $15,539
1994 $15,164
DICKENSON COUNTY
2004 $19,391
2003 $18,454
2002 $18,247
2001 $17,858
2000 $17,230
1999 $16,716
1998 $16,265
1997 $15,087
1996 $13,790
1995 $13,452
1994 $13,548
INCOME
Dickenson County has the lowest per capita income and the lowest median family
income, when compared to the counties in the Cumberland Plateau Planning District. All
counties within the district have below average incomes for the state of Virginia. Income
disparity is expected to remain constant without addressing availability of jobs and
increasing educational attainment.
PER CAPITA INCOME: 1994-2004
4B
44
RUSSELL COUNTY
2004 $21,311
2003 $20,215
2002 $19,857
2001 $19,661
2000 $18,514
1999 $17,302
1998 $16,686
1997 $16,314
1996 $15,202
1995 $14,428
1994 $13,880
Source: VA Employment Commission
MEDIUM FAMILY INCOME: 1995 - 2003
TAZEWELL COUNTY
2004 $23,787
2003 $22,529
2002 $22,232
2001 $21,647
2000 $20,325
1999 $19,151
1998 $18,715
1997 $18,105
1996 $16,966
1995 $16,232
1994 $15,863
DICKENSON COUNTY
2003 $25,378
2002 $24,922
2001 $24,138
2000 $24,716
1999 $23,968
1998 $23,653
1997 $22,941
1995 $21,806
RUSSELL COUNTY TAZEWELL COUNTY
2004 $21,311 2004 $23,787
2003 $20,215 2003 $22,529
2002 $19,857 2002 $22,232
2001 $19,661 2001 $21,647
2000 $18,514 2000 $20,325
1999 $17,302 1999 $19,151
1998 $16,686 1998 $18,715
1997 $16,314 1997 $18,105
1996 $15,202 1996 $16,966
1995 $14,428 1995 $16,232
1994 $13,880 1994 $15,863
‘Soares: WA Employment Commission
MEDIUM FAMILY INCOME: 1995 - 2003
DICKENSON COUNTY
$24,922
$24,716
$23,653
$21,806
45
Decreases in weekly wage rates are likely to continue as productivity increases
even further and competition necessitates more cutbacks in employment and/or wages.
While the average weekly wage rates are slightly lower in Russell and Tazewell, a wider
variety of jobs provide the wages.  These lower wage earners may be more secure than
those earning higher wages in Dickenson and Buchanan Counties, since the high earners
are dependent upon the fluctuating mining sector.
                             AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE PER EMPLOYEE:  2006 

                                                    As of December 2006 

Avg. Establishments Avg. Employment Avg. Weekly Wage
Dickenson  297   3,241   $617.00
Buchanan  537   7,465   $740.00
Russell   530   8,139   $538.00
Tazewell  1,189   16,794   $560.00
Virginia Statewide 209,455  3,576,716  $887.00
Source: Virginia Employment Commission-velma
As this data shows, Dickenson County falls far below the state average weekly
wage with $617.00 compared to statewide average of $887.00.  The average weekly wage
for Dickenson County in 4th Quarter 2006 was $617.  This would be equivalent to $15.43
per hour or $32,084 per year, assuming a 40-hour week worked the year around.  The
average weekly wage for Tazewell County in 4th Quarter 2006 was $560. This would be
equivalent to $18.50 per hour or $38,480 per year, assuming a 40-hour week worked the
year around.  The average weekly wage for Russell County in 4th Quarter 2006 was $560.
This would be equivalent to $14.00 per hour or $29,120 per year, assuming a 40-hour
week worked the year around.
Decreases in weekly wage rates are likely to continue as productivity increases
even further and competition necessitates more cutbacks in employment and/or wages.
While the average weekly wage rates are slightly lower in Russell and Tazewell, a wider
variety of jobs provide the wages. These lower wage eamers may be more secure than
those earning higher wages in Dickenson and Buchanan Counties, since the high earners
are dependent upon the fluctuating mining sector.
AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGE PER EMPLOYEE: 2006
As of December 2006
Avg. Establishments Avg. Employment Avg. Weekly Wage
Dickenson 297 3,241 $617.00
Buchanan 537 7,465 $740.00
Russell 530 8,139 $538.00
Tazewell 1,189 16,794 $560.00
Virginia Statewide 209,455 3,576,716 $887.00
Source: Virgina Employment Commision Velma
As this data shows, Dickenson County falls far below the state average weekly
wage with $617.00 compared to statewide average of $887.00. The average weekly wage
for Dickenson County in 4" Quarter 2006 was $617. This would be equivalent to $15.43
per hour or $32,084 per year, assuming a 40-hour week worked the year around, The
average weekly wage for Tazewell County in 4th Quarter 2006 was $560. This would be
equivalent to $18.50 per hour or $38,480 per year, assuming a 40-hour week worked the
year around. The average weekly wage for Russell County in 4" Quarter 2006 was $560.
This would be equivalent to $14.00 per hour or $29,120 per year, assuming a 40-hour
week worked the year around.
45
46
Dickenson County
Economic Profile
Average Weekly Wage by Industry
a a
aveutce Frey, Fang & Huning
Mig
Sencar
Wnotene Tate
‘Transpaaton a Wreowtirg
tomaten
es tan Rents ae Leng
Protea ana Teena Serves
apogert of Compares ans Eterna
‘Ariat aa Waste Series
ucaona Serves
ests Cae ar Sec Asst
‘ts, Etetanment ans Reese
ecemmaston and Feat Serves
‘es Serves, Ex Pas Arn
event Tt
Faces Covent
‘se Gover
8
a
a
a
rcaests
teasers) inctes nan acs cate
Source: vega Enpiymert Commissar,
‘Guaery Censs cf enpoyment and Wages (QCEM, dn Quaes (October, Novemoe, December 2008
47
POVERTY
In Dickenson County, 21.1 percent of the population lives below poverty level.
When female householder families are singled out, the rate increases to 42.5% living
below poverty level.  68.1% of these women have children under age five.
                             ALL AGES IN POVERTY STATUS 2004 

State and County     90% Confidence Interval       Percent     90% Confidence Interval
Dickenson 2,972  3,782-6,199  21.1  13.9 to 22.8
Russell  4,762  3,612-5,912  16.5  12.5 to 20.5
Buchanan 4,990  3,782-6,199  21.1  16.0 to 26.3
Tazewell 6,960  5,357-8,564  15.7  12.1 to 19.3
Virginia 705,037 647,429 to 762,645 9.5  8.8 to 10.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau March 2007
EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
  In 1950, 56.2 percent of the employed labor force in Dickenson County was 

engaged in mining.  By 1978 mining as a percentage of the labor force had grown to 64
percent.  The number has now dropped to 32.71 percent.  Agricultural employment has
also dropped tremendously.  Increases in wholesale and retail trade somewhat lessened
the blow of declines in mining and agriculture, but offer lower salaries than mining did.
Even if all of the laid-off miners could find another source of employment (which has not
been the case), loss in the community’s overall cash flow is still substantial.
  By 1970 employment in the trade sector represented 17.2 percent of the employed 

work force in Dickenson County, the second largest employer.  In 1987, the number of
retail sales establishments had reached 80, with 603 paid employees.  Of these
establishments, 29 were individual proprietorships, 12 were partnerships.  There were 11
wholesale establishments with 30 paid employees.
POVERTY
In Dickenson County, 21.1 percent of the population lives below poverty level
When female householder families are singled out, the rate increases to 42.5% living
below poverty level. 68.1% of these women have children under age five.
. AGES
POVERTY STATUS 2004
State and County 90% Confidence Interval __ Percent _ 90% Confidence Interval
Dickenson 2,972 3,782-6,199 21.1 13.9 to 22.8
Russell 4,762 3,612-5,912 16.5 12.5 to 20.5
Buchanan 4,990 3,782-6,199 211 16.0 to 26.3
Tazewell (6,960 5,357-8,564 15.7 12.1 to 19.3
Virginia 705,037 647,429 to 762,645 9.5 8.8 to 10.3
‘Sources US. Census Bureau March 2007
EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
In 1950, 56.2 percent of the employed labor force in Dickenson County was
engaged in mining. By 1978 mining as a percentage of the labor force had grown to 64
percent, The number has now dropped to 32.71 percent. Agricultural employment has
also dropped tremendously. Increases in wholesale and retail trade somewhat lessened
the blow of declines in mining and agriculture, but offer lower salaries than mining did.
Even if all of the laid-off miners could find another source of employment (which has not
been the case), loss in the community’s overall cash flow is still substantial.
By 1970 employment in the trade sector represented 17.2 percent of the employed
work force in Dickenson County, the second largest employer. In 1987, the number of
retail sales establishments had reached 80, with 603 paid employees. Of these
establishments, 29 were individual proprietorships, 12 were partnerships. There were 11
wholesale establishments with 30 paid employees.
47
48
  The distribution of employment for 1992 shows that trade had dropped to 15.9 

percent and the government now holds second place with 21.17 percent of the work
force.  The expanding service industry now compromises 13.45 percent of total
employment.
 Between 1986 and 1992, Dickenson County lost approximately 1,035 jobs within 

the mining industry.  Seven hundred and fifty (750) jobs were lost in the county over the
six-year time span.  Buchanan County had 371 fewer jobs in 1992 than in 1986, while
Russell County gained 839 jobs, and Tazewell County gained 1,278 jobs.  Growth of the
manufacturing industry is primarily responsible for employment gains in Russell and
Tazewell Counties.
The distribution of employment for 1992 shows that trade had dropped to 15.9
percent and the government now holds second place with 21.17 percent of the work
force. The expanding service industry now compromises 13.45 percent of total
‘employment.
Between 1986 and 1992, Dickenson County lost approximately 1,035 jobs within
the mining industry. Seven hundred and fifty (750) jobs were lost in the county over the
six-year time span. Buchanan County had 371 fewer jobs in 1992 than in 1986, while
Russell County gained 839 jobs, and Tazewell County gained 1,278 jobs. Growth of the
manufacturing industry is primarily responsible for employment gains in Russell and
Tazewell Counties.
Dickenson County Economic Profile
Total Employment by Industry
‘Annual
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 35 “156%
ining 76 2%
eles = =
Construction a7 17M
anufacuring 65 13%
Wiioleale Tada io7 938%
etal Trade 7038 Tos
“Transportation and warehousing 21 1.25%
information 306 52%
Finance and Insurance “6 =A
‘Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 2 2.465%
rafesional and Technical Services 66 3.21%
“Management of Companies and Entprnes 338 st 7 2
‘Administrative and Waste Services 7,508 1929 aa 2.48%
Educational Servicas 7.702 9,172 1a70 1.76%
Health Care and Socal Assistance 8.036 1047 242 2.69%
‘arts, Entertainment, ane Recrestion >= oe oe ae a
‘Accommedation and Food Services 3a74 485 ma cer 22
(Other Services, Ex, Pubic Admin 1406 4375 3 2.2% 220%
nese Astenke ("nents nor-atscoeabe a
rections data is for Soutnvosten Vega LI 9. No daa avaadie or Dickenson County
‘Sours: vgn Erpeyment Conmisn,
Inet ana Oecupatanal Prejectons, 20062014
48
49
TOP 20 EMPLOYERS IN DICKENSON COUNTY


Dickenson County School Board


Paramont Coal Company Virginia


Dickenson -Russell County Company


County of Dickenson


Food City


Laurel Meadows


Southwest Virginia Regional Jail Authority


Rapoca Energy Company


J.W.T. Well Services


Homemakers, LLC


Mountain Forest Products, LLC


Barnette’s Kwik Shop


Roth, LLC


Dickenson County Community Services


Dickenson County Department of Public Welfare


Thomas Construction Company


Ramey Enterprises


American Plus


Johnson Chevrolet


Kwikway Market/Crossroads Market


TOP 20 EMPLOYERS IN DICKENSON COUNTY.

Dickenson County School Board

. Paramont Coal Company Virginia
. Dickenson -Russell County Company
|. County of Dickenson
. Food City
2
3.
4
5


Laurel Meadows


Southwest Virginia Regional Jail Authority


Rapoca Energy Company


JW.T. Well Services


Homemakers, LLC


Mountain Forest Products, LLC


Barnette’s Kwik Shop


Roth, LLC


14, Dickenson County Community Services


Dickenson County Department of Public Welfare


Thomas Construction Company


Ramey Enterprises


American Plus


Johnson Chevrolet


Kwikway Market/Crossroads Market


49
50
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
  Economic growth taking place in Dickenson County can be witnessed by an 

increase in the number of housing permits issued.  The largest numbers of permits were
issued in 1983, directly proceeding the two years, which had the highest (nominal)
taxable sales.  The gradual decline in building permits reflects pessimistic expectations
about the future, in an area, which has experienced such severe economic dislocations.
  Another indication of the growth-taking place in an area is an increase in the 

number of new automobiles.  This indicator can be obtained by analyzing the county’s
vehicle registration trends.  The coal “boom” year of 1970 to 1975 created an increase in
the number of registered vehicles, but the trend leveled off and has proceeded at a steady
rate.
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS BY COUNTY/CITY
FORECASTS
  The different segments of the economy are interrelated.  If employment is to 

increase, sales and production must expand.  If sales and production are to expand, there
must be an increase in demand.  If demand is to increase, there must be an increase in
income, in the size of the economic base, or both.
  Like all economic and demographic forecasts, analyze historical data to make 

estimates of future data.  One limitation is that the future is never known with any
certainty.  There is always the possibility of an unprecedented shock to the economy, or
of some other event that could not be foreseen based on analysis of historical data.  Small
County/City 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Buchanan 22 $1,728,460 24 $1,909,400 25 $2,065,340 34 $1,263,000 97 $5,793,025
Dickenson 15 $878,916 25 $1,753,043 29 $2,367,000 23 $1,814,000 18 $1,574,000 18 $2,349,000
Russell 64 $5,288,850 71 $5,533,122 70 $6,534,480 81 $8,050,434 79 $8,329,948 121 $32,626,842
Tazewell 73 $7,125,077 83 $9,467,416 100 $9,395,354 82 $9,107,342 85 $9,472,543 130 $10,734,583
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Economie growth taking place in Dickenson County can be witnessed by an
increase in the number of housing permits issued. The largest numbers of permits were
issued in 1983, directly proceeding the two years, which had the highest (nominal)
taxable sales. The gradual decline in building permits reflects pessimistic expectations
about the future, in an area, which has experienced such severe economic dislocations.
Another indication of the growth-taking place in an area is an increase in the
number of new automobiles. This indicator can be obtained by analyzing the county’s
vehicle registration trends. The coal “boom” year of 1970 to 1975 created an increase in
the number of registered vehicles, but the trend leveled off and has proceeded at a steady
rate.
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS BY COUNTY/CITY
County/City 2001 2002 2003, 2008 2005 2006
Buchanan 22 S1,728460 24 $1,909,400 25 $2,065,340 34 $1,263,000 97 $5,793,025
Dickenson 15. $878,916 25. $1,753,043. 29 $2,367,000 23. $1,814,000 18 $1,574,000 18 $2,349,000
Russell 64 $5.288.850 71 $5,533,122 70 $6,534480 81 $8,050434 79 $8,329,948 121 $32,626,842
Tazewell -73._$7,125077 83 $9,467,416 100 $9,395,354 82 $9,107,342 85 $9,472,543 130 $10,734,583
FORECASTS
The different segments of the economy are interrelated. If employment is to
increase, sales and production must expand. If’sales and production are to expand, there
must be an increase in demand. If demand is to increase, there must be an increase in
income, in the size of the economic base, or both.
Like all economic and demographic forecasts, analyze historical data to make
estimates of future data. One limitation is that the future is never known with any
certainty. There is always the possibility of an unprecedented shock to the economy, or
‘of some other event that could not be foreseen based on analysis of historical data. Small
50
51
area forecasts are subject to more error because of the small sample size.  The larger the
area, the more reliable the model will be.
  Employment growth for Dickenson County is likely to occur in the areas of state 

and local government, services, manufacturing, retail trade and specifically the natural
resources industry.  Current economic development through the natural gas industry and
ongoing growth with the coal industry will bolster economic growth.  The County, prior
to the 2010 census has already seen population growth and the new creation of 500+ jobs
in the natural resource industry will see emerging up street development of new
businesses opportunities such as subcontractors.  These components combined will have
a dramatic positive input on the stabilization and growth of county population and
substantial employment growth.  When the forecasted population growth is compared to
the forecasted growth in employment, the result is an expected 830 more jobs, and an
expected 410 more people.  This indicates that the unemployment rate will decline.
  As the population ages and people begin to leave the labor force, labor market 

pressures will be eased further, with the changes most keenly felt in 2015 when the bulk
of the baby-boom generation enters retirement.
  Dickenson County has the institutional, locational, and human resources 

necessary to plan and successfully stimulate a recovery in the local economy.  Efforts
must be made to allow the residents to fully satisfy their demands for consumer goods,
locally by encouraging expansion and revitalization of the retail sector.  Since the county
does not contain any large towns or urban centers with which to attract business and
secure economic diversification, local government must be very attentive to existing
business’s needs and preparation for new service industry such as tourism development.
area forecasts are subject to more error because of the small sample size. The larger the
area, the more reliable the model will be.
Employment growth for Dickenson County is likely to occur in the areas of state
and local government, services, manufacturing, retail trade and specifically the natural
resources industry. Current economic development through the natural gas industry and
ongoing growth with the coal industry will bolster economic growth. The County, prior
to the 2010 census has already seen population growth and the new creation of 500+ jobs
in the natural resource industry will see emerging up street development of new
businesses opportunities such as subcontractors. These components combined will have
a dramatic positive input on the stabilization and growth of county population and
substantial employment growth. When the forecasted population growth is compared to
the forecasted growth in employment, the result is an expected 830 more jobs, and an
expected 410 more people. This indicates that the unemployment rate will decline
As the population ages and people begin to leave the labor force, labor market
pressures will be eased further, with the changes most keenly felt in 2015 when the bulk
of the baby-boom generation enters retirement.
Dickenson County has the institutional, locational, and human resources
necessary to plan and successfully stimulate a recovery in the local economy. Efforts
must be made to allow the residents to fully satisfy their demands for consumer goods,
locally by encouraging expansion and revitalization of the retail sector. Since the county
does not contain any large towns or urban centers with which to attract business and
secure economic diversification, local government must be very attentive to existing
business’s needs and preparation for new service industry such as tourism development.
51
52
Dickenson County
Economic Profile
= of Workers by Industry
Total, All Incustres at 165
‘onculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 4 20 5 20
Mining io E:T) 3
Unies
Construction Fr 2 ie 74 a7 a 2 a
Manufacturing 3 35 20 @ 7
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade EH 39 31030 3 e ro
“Transportation and Warehousing 3 29 5 3 2 4
Taformation 3 6 G 6 7
Finance and Insurance 7 Zz 20 Fr) 10 z
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 2
Professional and Techrical Services rr 5 3 2
Management of Companies and
Enterprises
Ainieawaa Wa SES — |) CE a
Educational Serviees
Health Care and Social Assistance 3 FT ie a 76 6 3 rr
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 4 7
Aecommodation and Food Services 28 2 Fr EN 2 FG FF 3
‘Other Services, Ex, Pubic Admin rr 18 ra 15 7
Public Aaministation Es Ey} En tos ——90 40 70
‘Source: US. Census Bureau,
Local Employment Dynamics (LED) Program, Srd Quarter (July, August, September) 2006, al ownership.
52
53
Average Weekly Wage by Industry
Ti ees J
great, Foe, Faning & Morty RT
—————
con
vee
Hicete ree
<<
Tencenen a ees
en ES
Preaticae
ee Re a gS
Proeescnal nd Teena Serces, (A
sc tap
|
Satna Sats
tnt Coen howe [I
tortie
|
esi. Pee Aon, RT
conn
te oe ES
Se coer ES
aoc
Uneses
a ey a)
ete: asec) maatesronalacosene cts,
Seuce:vighs Emptyment Comms,
‘Goateny Census or enpiyment and Wages (QCEWY, 2 Quatr (Ostoter, oven, December 2008
53
54
Dickenson County Economic Profile
New Startup Firms
non tse day HdGe anOY IxGe mor yeOr hor. sor away secr anon
‘mis’ “one “oot “soot “toon “Seuss as os Sous ase take aa
2418
3.908
3921
1678
3886
4354
72.008
2678
2528
308
2d Que. 2006 2 2535
3rd Qu. 2006 3 2u19
‘Ath Qtr 2006 3.201
se: Te owing rer was sed dese new eanip tons:
{1 Sep ana ely eae 200 ocurea cureg a Guar (Octo, over, Decemeey 2008
2) Esaoishen nae prescessr U) Aca Mumoe

Bate onershp

‘rege epee ts tan 250
S)fetmtineepascsomes he arn cncoy mst aso mtn soe tare
SoaCe: vega Enptomen Commisson
{Glatery Cenaisoremoyment ana Wages (OCEA),£n Quare(Octve, Novenber December 2000
55
Dickenson County Economic Profile
New Hires by Industry
Agtosae, Fowny, renrgshuiy J SSSOSCSCSCSOSOSSSY
a
coco,
Nensecureg EET
pa
ree
Terepotton as wocosons ES
setormaton [2]
ree sone
iil abla
Protea and Teac! sevces [E)
sire cie
ames sea ioceSviees EE
eas
eatca and ce ince
‘Ermer, an Rereten
ci
ne sees ec Panne
re seeeen TI
etn
=o 8 © © Ww
Soure: us. census ures,
cca expyment yarees LED) Program, St Guat uy, Aupute, September 205, ouneres
55
56
Dickenson County Economic Profile
Turnover by Industry
encom ee setae AES
ee ete
ne Sees, Pune in
pase scrnirns ES
‘sere: U.S. Consus Bureau
eee ematyman Dyoarncs LED) Program, 2nd Quaner Apr, May, Jure 2008, wownersips.
56
57
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
 Lack of educational attainment has been and is still a serious detriment to future 

development.  Average grade completion level for the county lags far behind the state
average.  Low educational attainment of residents of the county is indicative of a labor
market that emphasizes blue-collar skills and does not encourage young people to return
to or remain in the area once they have received their college education.  Education is an
important channel for individuals to progress upwards in society, and it increases socio-
economic status as well as income.
% of Population w/ Less Than a HS Education
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1980 1990 2000
Dickenson County
Virginia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
Lack of educational attainment has been and is still a serious detriment to future
development. Average grade completion level for the county lags far behind the state
average. Low educational attainment of residents of the county is indicative of a labor
market that emphasizes blue-collar skills and does not encourage young people to return
to or remain in the area once they have received their college education. Education is an
important channel for individuals to progress upwards in society, and it increases socio-
economic status as well as income.
% of Population w/ Less Than a HS Education
70%
60%
50%
—¢— Dickenson County
—=— Virginia
40%
30%
20%
10%
1980 1990 2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
ST
58
Educational Attainment
Interest in developing an education center in Dickenson originated, albeit perhaps
in an indirect manner from the educational attainment levels in the county.  Lagging
behind the state and the region in this critical data set has left the county in a difficult
situation in terms of economic development at large and personal income levels on a
more individualized basis. Fighting the stigma of a workforce that is not as “highly
educated” as others is a detriment to locating industry and jobs in the county and also
Dickenson County Education Profile
Education Level
(Population 25 years and over)
mecanny wines _—
. — ll
——==—
——
a
rr
High seh
Some College
Bachelor’s Degree
358,08
1.512.833
335,008 28,307,792
Educational Attainment
Interest in developing an education center in Dickenson originated, albeit perhaps
in an indirect manner from the educational attainment levels in the county. Lagging
behind the state and the region in this critical data set has left the county in a difficult
situation in terms of economic development at large and personal income levels on a
more individualized basis. Fighting the stigma of a workforce that is not as “highly
educated” as others is a detriment to locating industry and jobs in the county and also
58
59
makes local entrepreneurship more difficult. As such, talented citizens of the county may
choose, or even be forced, to relocate for professional reasons.   When compared to
statewide data, Dickenson County seems to lag approximately twenty years behind in
educational attainment statistics. While progress is being made, it is a slow, gradual
improvement as shown in the nearly parallel lines of the following graph. For example, in
1980, 66.5% of  the citizens of Dickenson County had less than a high school diploma.
By 2000, that number had dropped to 41.0% a sizeable improvement. However, the
Virginia average in 1980 was 37.6% and by 2000, had dropped to 18.5%.
Percentage of population 25 and older who have earned:
No diploma         High School Diploma  Some College     Associates Degree      Bachelor’s
Degree
  41%          34.9%       13.5%                3.9%                   6.7% 

Percentage of population 25 years of age and older who are high school graduates
is 58.9%.  Percentage of population 25 years of age and older who have earned a
Bachelor’s Degree 6.7%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and Virginia Employment Commission.
When comparing the counties within Cumberland Plateau Planning District,
Dickenson County has the largest percentage of high school graduates for the 2005-2006
school years, an above average rate in the state of Virginia.  The percentage of graduates
is based on the number of ninth grade students, four years earlier.
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 2005-2006
Graduates
Dickenson     231
Buchanan     306
Russell      331
Tazewell     542
makes local entrepreneurship more difficult. As such, talented citizens of the county may
choose, or even be forced, to relocate for professional reasons. When compared to
statewide data, Dickenson County seems to lag approximately twenty years behind in
educational attainment statistics. While progress is being made, itis a slow, gradual
improvement as shown in the nearly parallel lines of the following graph. For example, in
1980, 66.5% of the citizens of Dickenson County had less than a high schoo! diploma.
By 2000, that number had dropped to 41.0% a sizeable improvement. However, the
Virginia average in 1980 was 37.6% and by 2000, had dropped to 18.5%.
Percentage of population 25 years of age and older who are high school graduates
is 58.9%. Percentage of population 25 years of age and older who have earned a
Bachelor’s Degree 6.7%.
Source: US. Census Bureau and Virginia Employment Commission.
When comparing the counties within Cumberland Plateau Planning District,
Dickenson County has the largest percentage of high school graduates for the 2005-2006
school years, an above average rate in the state of Virginia, The percentage of graduates
is based on the number of ninth grade students, four years earlier.
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES 2005-2006
Graduates
Dickenson 231
Buchanan 306
Russell 331
Tazewell 542,
59
60
Fall Fall 1990 Fall 1993 Fall 1996 Fall 1999 Fall 2002 Fall 2006
Enrolled 24,101 22,259 20,544 18,967 17,906 17,180
Source: SWVCC Institutional Research
Enrollments in Region
Buchanan, Dickenson, Russell & Tazewell Counties
Chg.
1989 to
2006
Buchanan
County -49.1%
Dickenson
County* -32.8%
Russell
County -21.7%
Tazewell
County -23.3%
SwVCC
Service
Region -31.3%
Fall
Buchanan
County
Buchanan
Co.
Percent
Change
From
Prior Yr.
Dickenson
County*
Dickenson
Co.
Percent
Change
From
Prior Yr.
Russell
County
Russell
Co.
Percent
Change
From
Prior Yr.
Tazewell
County
Tazewell
Co.
Percent
Change
From
Prior Yr.
SwVCC
Service
Region
SwVCC
Service
Region
Percent
Change
From
Prior
Yr.
1989 6,744   3,669   5,464   9,129   25,006
1990 6,407 -5.0% 3,611 -1.6% 5,271 -3.5% 8,812 -3.5% 24,101 -3.6%
1991 6,168 -3.7% 3,515 -2.7% 5,092 -3.4% 8,760 -0.6% 23,535 -2.3%
1992 5,913 -4.1% 3,372 -4.1% 4,986 -2.1% 8,615 -1.7% 22,886 -2.8%
1993 5,729 -3.1% 3,301 -2.1% 4,799 -3.8% 8,430 -2.1% 22,259 -2.7%
1994 5,427 -5.3% 3,292 -0.3% 4,737 -1.3% 8,288 -1.7% 21,744 -2.3%
1995 5,210 -4.0% 3,181 -3.4% 4,713 -0.5% 8,033 -3.1% 21,137 -2.8%
1996 4,969 -4.6% 3,092 -2.8% 4,616 -2.1% 7,867 -2.1% 20,544 -2.8%
1997 4,711 -5.2% 3,030 -2.0% 4,494 -2.6% 7,793 -0.9% 20,028 -2.5%
1998 4,487 -4.8% 2,971 -1.9% 4,410 -1.9% 7,738 -0.7% 19,606 -2.1%
1999 4,293 -4.3% 2,844 -4.3% 4,355 -1.2% 7,475 -3.4% 18,967 -3.3%
2000 4,063 -5.4% 2,712 -4.6% 4,263 -2.1% 7,116 -4.8% 18,154 -4.3%
2001 3,979 -2.1% 2,720 0.3% 4,260 -0.1% 6,987 -1.8% 17,946 -1.1%
2002 4,029 1.3% 2,719 0.0% 4,156 -2.4% 7,002 0.2% 17,906 -0.2%
2003 3,649 -9.4% 2,601 -4.3% 4,077 -1.9% 6,982 -0.3% 17,309 -3.3%
2004 3,570 -2.2% 2,538 -2.4% 4,260 4.5% 6,876 -1.5% 17,244 -0.4%
2005 3,500 -2.0% 2,494 -1.7% 4,271 0.3% 6,846 -0.4% 17,111 -0.8%
2006 3,436 -1.8% 2,464 -1.2% 4,281 0.2% 6,999 2.2% 17,180 0.4%
Iswvcd|
Service|
Buchanan] Dickenson] Russell [Tazewell Region]
Co, Co. Co. Co, IPercent
Percent Percent Percent Percent! [Change]
Change Change Change [Change |SwvCc} From
Buchanan| From |Dickenson| From | Russell| From |Tazewelll From [Service| Prior
Fall | County | Prior Yr} County | Prior Yr. | County |Prior Yr.] County |Prior Yr.|Region | Yr.
7989 | 6,744 3,669 546s 9,129 [25,006
7990 | 6.407 | -50% | 3611 | -16% | 5.271 | -35% | 8.812 | -3.5% [24,101] -3.6%
Toot | 6168 | -37% | 3515 | -27% | 5092 | -3.4% | 8.760 | -0.6% |23,535] -2.3%
joo2 | 5.913 | 41% | 3.372 | 41% | 4986 | -2.1% | 8615 | -1.7% |22,886] -2.8%
jos | 5,729 | -31% | 3.301 | 21% | 4,799 | -3.8% | 8.430 | -21% [22,250] -27%
joss | 5,427 | 53% | 3,202 | -03% | 4.737 | -1.5% | 8.288 | -1.7% [21,744] -2.3%
7995 | 5.210 | 40% | 3781 | -34% | 4.713 | -0.5% | 8.033 | -3.1% [21,137] -28%
joss | 4,969 | 46% | 3.092 | -28% | 4616 | -21% | 7.867 | -21% [20,544 -2.8%
i997 | 4741 | 82% | 3,030 | -20% | 4494 | -26% | 7,793 | -0.9% |20,028| -25%
i998 | 4487 | -48% | 2971 | -1.9% | 4410 | -1.9% | 7,738 | -0.7% |19,606| -21%
qo99 | 4,203 | 4.3% | 2.844 | 43% | 4,355 | -1.2% | 7.475 | -3.4% |18,967|-3.3%
2000 | 4,063 | -54% | 2,712 | 4.6% | 4,263 | -21% | 7,116 | -4.8% |18,154|-4.3%
2001 | 3.979 | -21% | 2720 | 0.3% | 4,260 | -0.1% | 6,987 | -1.8% |17,946|-1.1%
2002 | 4,029 | 1.3% | 2719 | 0.0% | 4156 | -24% | 7,002 | 0.2% |17,906|-0.2%
2003 | 3.649 | -9.4% | 2601 | 45% | 4,077 | -1.9% | 6.982 | -0.3% | 17,300] -3.3%
2004 | 3570 | -22% | 2538 | -24% | 4260 | 45% | 6876 | -1.5% |17,244|-0.4%
2005 | 3.500 | -20% | 2494 | 17% | 4.271 | 0.3% | 6846 | -0.4% [17,111] -0.8%
2006 | 3436 | -1.8% | 2464 | -12% | 4.281 | 0.2% | 6999 | 2.2% | 17,180] 0.4%
Fall Fall1990 Fall1993. Fall 1996 = Fall 1999 Fall 2002_—Fall 2006.
Enrolled 24,101 22,259 20,544 18,967 17,906 17,180
‘Source: SWVC Institutional Research
60
61
Source: Annual Fall Membership Reports Virginia Department of Education
24,101
22,259
20,544
18,967
17,906 17,180
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Fall 1990 Fall 1993 Fall 1996 Fall 1999 Fall 2002 Fall 2006
Four County Enrollments: 1990 to 2006
Number of Enrolled Dropped by 29% – 6,921 in 16 years
25,000
20,000
15,000.
10,000.
5,000.
Fal 1990 Fall 1993. -«—=Fall1996. © Fall1999 ©» Fall2002 -—Fall 2006
‘Source: Annual Fall Membership Reports Virginia Department of Education
61
62
TRAINING PROVIDERS
Southwest Virginia Community College
369 College Road Us Rt. 19, 6
Richland, VA  24641-1101
Phone: (276) 696-2555 ext. 7338
www.sw.edu
Number of 2005 graduates: 603
Mountain Empire Community College
3441 Mountain Empire Road
Big Stone Gap, VA  24219
Phone: (276)523-2400
www.mecc.edu
Number of 2005 graduates: 351
The University of VA’s College at Wise
One College Avenue
Wise, VA  24293-4400
Phone: (276) 632-0100
www.uvawise.edu
Number of 2005 graduates: 252
Appalachia School of Law
1 Slate Creek Road
Grundy, VA 24614-2825
Phone (276) 693-4349 ext 1203
www.asl.edu
Number of 2005 graduates 108
University of Appalachia College of Pharmacy
1060 Dragon Road
Oakwood, VA  24631
Phone: (276) 498-4190
www.uacp.org
(3 year program with first graduates from 2006 graduating in 2009)
Dickenson County Career Center
325 Vocational Drive
Clinchco, VA  24226
Phone: (276) 835-9384
www.dickenson.k12.va.us/dccc
TRAINING PROVIDERS
Southwest Virginia Community College
369 College Road Us Rt. 19, 6
Richland, VA 24641-1101
Phone: (276) 696-2555 ext. 7338
www.sw.edu
Number of 2005 graduates: 603
Mountain Empire Community College
3441 Mountain Empire Road
Big Stone Gap, VA 24219
Phone: (276)523-2400
www.mece.edu
Number of 2005 graduates: 351
‘The University of VA’s College at Wise
One College Avenue
Wise, VA 24293-4400
Phone: (276) 632-0100
www.uvawise.edu
‘Number of 2005 graduates: 252
Appalachia School of Law
1 Slate Creek Road
Grundy, VA 24614-2825
Phone (276) 693-4349 ext 1203
wwwaasledu
Number of 2005 graduates 108
University of Appalachia College of Pharmacy
1060 Dragon Road
Oakwood, VA 24631
Phone: (276) 498-4190
www.uacp.org
(3 year program with first graduates from 2006 graduating in 2009)
Dickenson County Career Center
325 Vocational Drive
Clinchco, VA. 24226
Phone: (276) 835-9384
www.dickenson.k12.va.usidece
‘Source: US. Department of Education,
Insttute of Education Sctences (IES), 2005
62
63
TRANSPORTATION
The effects of a community’s transportation system upon the community are vital.
A transportation plan must take into consideration topography, population density and
distribution, land development policies and the overall planning objectives of the
community.  Four County Transit, operated by the Appalachian Agency for Senior
Citizens, is the public transportation provider for Virginia Planning District 2.  They have
been providing public transportation since 1998.  Four County Transit serves the
residents of Buchanan, Dickenson, Russell and Tazewell counties.  Four County Transit
is a fully funded public transportation system made possible by Virginia’s Department of
Rail and Public Transportation.  Four County Transit offers public transportation on each
of our college routes.  Public transportation is available throughout the day and with
convenient fixed routes and demand responses.  Four County Transit provides a variety
of services to complement the need for public transportation service in Buchanan,
Dickenson, Russell and Tazewell Counties.  Service hours range from 5:30 a.m. until
6:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, depending upon the type of transit service.
HIGHWAY SYSTEM
Dickenson County is a part of the Bristol District of the Virginia Department of
Transportation, which includes eight other districts, each divided into five sections:
interstate, primary, urban, public transit and secondary systems.  The Bristol District
covers a 12 county area consisting of 126 miles of interstate highways and 1,182 miles of
primary system highways.  Dickenson County has three major primary roads and many
secondary roads, which are an important part of the infrastructure.  Dickenson County
has a total of 475.63 miles of highway, 79.70 miles of primary roads and 393.93 miles of
secondary roads.
PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS
The Six Year Improvements Program is the Commonwealth Transportation
Board’s plan for identifying funds anticipated to be available for highway construction,
ports, airports and public transit, for distribution in the 2006-2007 fiscal year, as well as
TRANSPORTATION
The effects of a community’s transportation system upon the community are vital.
‘A transportation plan must take into consideration topography, population density and
distribution, land development policies and the overall planning objectives of the
community. Four County Transit, operated by the Appalachian Agency for Senior
Citizens, is the public transportation provider for Virginia Planning District 2. They have
been providing public transportation since 1998. Four County Transit serves the
residents of Buchanan, Dickenson, Russell and Tazewell counties. Four County Transit
is a fully funded public transportation system made possible by Virginia’s Department of
Rail and Public Transportation, Four County Transit offers public transportation on each
of our college routes. Public transportation is available throughout the day and with
convenient fixed routes and demand responses. Four County Transit provides a variety
of services to complement the need for public transportation service in Buchanan,
Dickenson, Russell and Tazewell Counties. Service hours range from 5:30 a.m. until
6:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, depending upon the type of transit service.
HIGHWAY SYSTEM
Dickenson County is a part of the Bristol District of the Virginia Department of
Transportation, which includes eight other districts, each divided into five sections:
interstate, primary, urban, public transit and secondary systems. The Bristol District
covers a 12 county area consisting of 126 miles of interstate highways and 1,182 miles of
primary system highways. Dickenson County has three major primary roads and many
secondary roads, which are an important part of the infrastructure. Dickenson County
has a total of 475.63 miles of highway, 79.70 miles of primary roads and 393.93 miles of
secondary roads.
PLANNED IMPROVEMENTS
The Six Year Improvements Program is the Commonwealth Transportation
Board’s plan for identifying funds anticipated to be available for highway construction,
ports, airports and public transit, for distribution in the 2006-2007 fiscal year, as well as
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those funds planned for the next five fiscal years through 2011-2012.  Public hearings
were held in each of the nine construction districts in the state as part of the development
of this program.  These hearings are held to seek input and advice from members of the
county boards of supervisors, city council members, other public officials, and the
general public.
Included in the Six Year Improvement Program are the following projects:

The reconstruction and surface treatment of non-hard surfaced roads on

State Routes 656 (Roaring   Fork) and 644 (Caney Creek);

The widening of curves and stabilization of guardrails on State Route 627

(Long Ridge);

The spot widening of curves on State Routes 607 (Rakes Ridge), 658 (Flat

Spurs), 611 (South of the Mountain Road), 649 (DC Caney Ridge Road), and 652
(Nealy Ridge);

The widening of the existing roadways on State Routes 649 (Rush Creek),

754 (Pound River), 621 (Longs Fork), 663 (Hale Gap), and 631;

The replacement of bridges on State Routes 604 (Lick Creek) and 625

(Frying Pan); and


   The installation of flashing lights and short arm gates on State Routes 651 



(Brushy Ridge) and 665 (Lick Fork), where the CSX Railroad crosses those roads.

The construction of the Pound Bypass, connecting State Route 83 with US

Highway 23 near Pound.
In addition to the Six-Year Plan

The need for improvements and widening of the existing Lake Road to the

John W. Flanagan Reservoir.

The widening and improvement of Rt. 80 from the Breaks Interstate Park

to the Town of Haysi, and widening and improvement of St. Rt. 80 from Haysi to
Honaker.
those funds planned for the next five fiscal years through 2011-2012. Public hearings
were held in each of the nine construction districts in the state as part of the development
of this program. These hearings are held to seek input and advice from members of the
county boards of supervisors, city council members, other public officials, and the
‘general public.
Included in the Six Year Improvement Program are the following projects:
1, The reconstruction and surface treatment of non-hard surfaced roads on
State Routes 656 (Roaring Fork) and 644 (Caney Creek):


The widening of curves and stabilization of guardrails on State Route 627
(Long Ridge):


The spot widening of curves on State Routes 607 (Rakes Ridge), 658 (Flat
Spurs), 611 (South of the Mountain Road), 649 (DC Caney Ridge Road), and 652
(Nealy Ridge);


The widening of the existing roadways on State Routes 649 (Rush Creek),
754 (Pound River), 621 (Longs Fork), 663 (Hale Gap), and 631;


The replacement of bridges on State Routes 604 (Lick Creek) and 625
(Frying Pan); and


The installation of flashing lights and short arm gates on State Routes 651
(Brushy Ridge) and 665 (Lick Fork), where the CSX Railroad crosses those roads.


The construction of the Pound Bypass, connecting State Route 83 with US
Highway 23 near Pound.


In addition to the Six-Year Plan


The need for improvements and widening of the existing Lake Road to the
John W. Flanagan Reservoir.


The widening and improvement of Rt. 80 from the Breaks Interstate Park
to the Town of Haysi, and widening and improvement of St. Rt. 80 from Haysi to


Honaker.
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For a detailed listing of primary highway improvement projects in Dickenson
County, please refer to the Six Year Improvement Program for fiscal year 2006-2007
through 2011-2012, and the Secondary System Construction Program for 2009 through



DISTANCES TO NEARBY AREAS
The distance from Clintwood, the county seat of Dickenson County, to nearby
metropolitan areas, makes the county seem somewhat remote.  These distances can be
used partially to demonstrate the value of a well-developed transportation system; one
that will counteract the problems created by isolation.
DISTANCES TO NEARBY AREAS:
Bristol, VA/TN    68 miles
Blacksburg, VA    175 miles
Knoxville, TN     154 miles
Roanoke, VA     200 miles
Richmond, VA     385 miles
AIRPORTS
Lonesome Pine Airport, which is located in Wise County, is less than 30 miles
from Clintwood.  It is equipped with a 5,400 foot long lighted runway.  Most general
aviation aircraft, including small jet-powered aircraft can be accommodated there.  The
Tazewell County Airport located on Kent’s Ridge in Tazewell County also has a runway
suitable for small aircraft.  Tri-City Regional Airport (Bristol, Kingsport, Johnson City)
provides commercial air transportation and is approximately two hours from the center of
Dickenson County.
For a detailed listing of primary highway improvement projects in Dickenson
County, please refer to the Six Year Improvement Program for fiscal year 2006-2007
through 2011-2012, and the Secondary System Construction Program for 2009 through
2014.
DISTANCES TO NEARBY AREAS
The distance from Clintwood, the county seat of Dickenson County, to nearby
metropolitan areas, makes the county seem somewhat remote. These distances can be
used partially to demonstrate the value of a well-developed transportation system; one
that will counteract the problems created by isolation.
DISTANCES TO NEARBY AREAS:
Bristol, VA/TN 68 miles
Blacksburg, VA. 175 miles
Knoxville, TN 154 miles
Roanoke, VA 200 miles
Richmond, VA_ 385 miles
AIRPORTS
Lonesome Pine Airport, which is located in Wise County, is less than 30 miles
from Clintwood. It is equipped with a 5,400 foot long lighted runway. Most general
aviation aircraft, including small jet-powered aireraft can be accommodated there. The
Tazewell County Airport located on Kent’s Ridge in Tazewell County also has a runway
suitable for small aircraft. Tri-City Regional Airport (Bristol, Kingsport, Johnson City)
provides commercial air transportation and is approximately two hours from the center of
Dickenson County.
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RAILROADS
CSX Transportation provides rail service to most of Dickenson County.  Norfolk
Southern Railway serves a small portion of the county.  Piggyback service is available in
Bluefield, West Virginia and in Kingsport, Tennessee.  Norfolk Southern and CSX offer
direct connections to the rail lines that provide rail service to the entire United States.
RAILROADS
CSX Transportation provides rail service to most of Dickenson County. Norfolk
Southern Railway serves a small portion of the county. Piggyback service is available in
Bluefield, West Virginia and in Kingsport, Tennessee. Norfolk Southern and CSX offer
direct connections to the rail lines that provide rail service to the entire United States.
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HOUSING
HOUSING
Physically, socially and economically, housing is one of the most important
elements in our lives.  Unsafe, unsanitary and inadequate housing can affect the
resident’s physical and mental health.  Government has long recognized the importance
of housing, and many goals have been set to meet the needs of low-income households
and to eliminate inadequate housing.
HOUSING DEMAND
Housing is a factor in the national economy, and increased building is a sign of
economic growth, as well as an economic stimulator.  Nationally, growth in housing is
primarily determined by government decisions such as interest rates, the tax codes, and
regulation of financial institutions.  Local and state governments have attempted to
encourage housing production by providing financial incentives.  Since investment in
housing is so highly leveraged, the availability of money has the most significant impact
on construction.  The relatively low median family income of Dickenson County
residents has prompted a shift in demand away from site-built homes towards the less
expensive alternative of a mobile home.  The price difference between a mobile home
and a site-built home makes the former the only affordable choice for many residents.
While mobile homes have solved the short-term problem of housing, they have a much
shorter life span than do site-built homes, so the need for adequate housing in the future
should not be forgotten.
HOUSING GROWTH
The real estate market has markedly declined due to the current lack of quality
employment, and housing density per unit is decreasing at a slower pace.  This is a
common trend in times of unfavorable economic conditions, one reason being that grown
children are often forced to live with their parents longer, or return to their former home.
HOUSING
HOUSING
Physically, socially and economically, housing is one of the most important
elements in our lives. Unsafe, unsanitary and inadequate housing can affect the
resident’s physical and mental health. Government has long recognized the importance
of housing, and many goals have been set to meet the needs of low-income households
and to eliminate inadequate housing.
Housing is a factor in the national economy, and increased building is a sign of
economic growth, as well as an economic stimulator. Nationally, growth in housing is
primarily determined by government decisions such as interest rates, the tax codes, and
regulation of financial institutions. Local and state governments have attempted to
encourage housing production by providing financial incentives. Since investment in
housing is so highly leveraged, the availability of money has the most significant impact
‘on construction, The relatively low median family income of Dickenson County
residents has prompted a shift in demand away from site-built homes towards the less
expensive alternative of a mobile home. The price difference between a mobile home
and a site-built home makes the former the only affordable choice for many residents.
While mobile homes have solved the short-term problem of housing, they have a much
shorter life span than do site-built homes, so the need for adequate housing in the future
should not be forgotten,
HOUSING GROWTH
The real estate market has markedly declined due to the current lack of quality
employment, and housing density per unit is decreasing at a slower pace. This is a
common trend in times of unfavorable economic conditions, one reason being that grown
children are often forced to live with their parents longer, or return to their former home.
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HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
In 1990, only 480 housing units lacked complete plumbing facilities.  Although
this number should be decreased further, improvements have been made since 1970,
when the number of units lacking complete facilities was 2,319.
Sewage disposal in Dickenson County housing units is predominately provided by
septic tanks or cesspools 5,180 units use this method of disposal.  Public sewer is
available to 1,58 (check this number) units, while 874 units use “other” means.
A public water system or private company provided 3,152 housing units with
water in Dickenson County in 1990.  Individual wells provided almost as many units with
water – 2,590 units used drilled wells, 232 units used dug wells.  “Other sources”
provided 1,136 housing units with water.
HOUSING VALUE
Between 1980 and 1987, housing values declined substantially in Dickenson
County, with houses dropping 25 to 30 percent in value.  The same was true for
Buchanan County, while in Russell and Tazewell Counties, housing values increased
slightly.  In 1980, the time a house stayed on the market in Dickenson County before
being sold averaged three to four months.  In 1987, the average was from seven months
to one year.
The median value for housing units in Dickenson County in $39,300, compared to
Buchanan County’s $41,700; Russell County’s $45,000; and Tazewell County’s at
$48,600.  This indicates that while the housing market may be weak in Dickenson
County, housing is more affordable.
ASSISTED HOUSING
Centennial Heights contains 91 living units and is located off State Route 63,
northwest of Haysi.  This complex was financed by the United States Department of
Housing and Urban Development and is managed by the Cumberland Plateau Regional
HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
In 1990, only 480 housing units lacked complete plumbing facilities. Although
this number should be decreased further, improvements have been made since 1970,
when the number of units lacking complete facilities was 2,319.
Sewage disposal in Dickenson County housing units is predominately provided by
septic tanks or cesspools 5,180 units use this method of disposal. Public sewer is
available to 1,58 (check this number) units, while 874 units use “other” means.
‘A public water system or private company provided 3,152 housing units with
water in Dickenson County in 1990. Individual wells provided almost as many units with
water ~ 2,590 units used drilled wells, 232 units used dug wells. “Other sources”
provided 1,136 housing units with water.
HOUSING VALUE
Between 1980 and 1987, housing values declined substantially in Dickenson
County, with houses dropping 25 to 30 percent in value. The same was true for
Buchanan County, while in Russell and Tazewell Counties, housing values increased
slightly. In 1980, the time a house stayed on the market in Dickenson County before
being sold averaged three to four months. In 1987, the average was from seven months
to one year.
The median value for housing units in Dickenson County in $39,300, compared to
Buchanan County’s $41,700; Russell County’s $45,000; and Tazewell County’s at
$48,600. This indicates that while the housing market may be weak in Dickenson
County, housing is more affordable.
ASSISTED HOUSING
Centennial Heights contains 91 living units and is located off State Route 63,
northwest of Haysi. This complex was financed by the United States Department of
Housing and Urban Development and is managed by the Cumberland Plateau Regional
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Housing Authority.  The Farmers Home Administration in Dickenson County provides
FmHA subsidized loans to qualified applicants to be used for the purchasing or
refinancing of homes.  FmHA also sponsors a housing rehabilitation program, which
provides low-income loans up to $15,000 and grants of $5,000.  In addition, the Virginia
Housing Development Authority (VHDA) provides low interest loans to persons of low
to moderate incomes so that they may purchase homes.
FUTURE HOUSING
Housing should be designed to accommodate household needs, optimize the
quality of life, use land resources efficiently, and create minimal adverse impact on the
natural environment.  Certain segments of the housing market, such as elderly or
handicapped individuals, require specially designed units that provide certain amenities
and physical features adapted to their needs.  Communities can encourage sufficient
upgrading of existing properties to prevent further loss of tax revenues, since the tax base
has declined and poor economic conditions have led to property neglect.  Housing and
building codes should be carefully enforced, to preserve housing stock in as sound a state
as possible.  Policies aimed at providing affordable housing must use a combination of
strategies, including new construction, subsidy programs, and preservation of the existing
housing stock through rehabilitation programs.
Housing Authority. The Farmers Home Administration in Dickenson County provides
FmHA subsidized loans to qualified applicants to be used for the purchasing or
refinancing of homes. FmHA also sponsors a housing rehabilitation program, which
provides low-income loans up to $15,000 and grants of $5,000. In addition, the Virginia
Housing Development Authority (VHDA) provides low interest loans to persons of low
to moderate incomes so that they may purchase homes.
EUTURE HOUSING
Housing should be designed to accommodate household needs, optimize the
quality of life, use land resources efficiently, and create minimal adverse impact on the
natural environment. Certain segments of the housing market, such as elderly or
handicapped individuals, require specially designed units that provide certain amenities
and physical features adapted to their needs. Communities can encourage sufficient
upgrading of existing properties to prevent further loss of tax revenues, since the tax base
has declined and poor economic conditions have led to property neglect. Housing and
building codes should be carefully enforced, to preserve housing stock in as sound a state
as possible, Policies aimed at providing affordable housing must use a combination of
strategies, including new construction, subsidy programs, and preservation of the existing
housing stock through rehabilitation programs.
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LAND USE
LAND USE
The factors influencing the past and present development of Dickenson County
have been presented in the preceding chapters of this report.  The land use section of the
comprehensive plan includes a summary of the county’s residential, commercial,
industrial, public and semi-public, and open space uses.  An analysis of existing land use
development patterns can be used to determine implications for future land use planning.
The land use plan is a design by which the future development of Dickenson
County and the surrounding area may be guided.  By considering the spatial relationship
of the various land use activities from a physical as well as socio-economic standpoint,
the Land Use Plan provides a sound basis for both the public and private decisions
concerning future development.  The land use plan is presented in three successive steps.
The first step consists of a discussion of principles and standards for land development.
The second step is the determination of future land needs.  The final step is the
presentation of the actual design or plan for future growth.
The land use plan, along with the land use plan map, reflects the existing land use,
and in part, the anticipated growth that will take place during the next twenty years.  The
plan is sufficiently generalized so as to permit flexibility in selecting development
alternatives yet specific enough to give proper direction to future growth.  The following
sections present a generalized form of the principles and standards that should be
considered in guiding the growth of Dickenson County.
RESIDENTIAL LAND USE
Residential land use encompasses the entire mix of dwelling unit types and
densities.  The location, character and intensity of residential development should be
linked to natural characteristics of the land, such as topography, soils, existing vegetation
and water flow.
USE
LAND USE
The factors influencing the past and present development of Dickenson County
have been presented in the preceding chapters of this report. The land use section of the
comprehensive plan includes a summary of the county’s residential, commercial,
industrial, public and semi-public, and open space uses. An analysis of existing land use
development patterns can be used to determine implications for future land use planning,
The land use plan is a design by which the future development of Dickenson
County and the surrounding area may be guided, By considering the spatial relationship
of the various land use activities from a physical as well as socio-economic standpoint,
the Land Use Plan provides a sound basis for both the public and private decisions
concerning future development. The land use plan is presented in three successive steps.
The first step consists of a discussion of principles and standards for land development.
The second step is the determination of future land needs. The final step is the
presentation of the actual design or plan for future growth.
The land use plan, along with the land use plan map, reflects the existing land use,
and in part, the anticipated growth that will take place during the next twenty years, The
plan is sufficiently generalized so as to permit flexibility in selecting development
alternatives yet specific enough to give proper direction to future growth. The following
sections present a generalized form of the principles and standards that should be
considered in guiding the growth of Dickenson County.
RESIDENTIAL LAND USE
Residential land use encompasses the entire mix of dwelling unit types and
densities. The location, character and intensity of residential development should be
linked to natural characteristics of the land, such as topography, soils, existing vegetation
and water flow.
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When decentralized, uncoordinated development occurs, many years may pass
before the provision of some services becomes feasible.  Uncontrolled, random patterns
of residential development would be contrary to the goal of providing services to the
residents in a timely and efficient manner.
Residential Land Use Guidelines:

Future residential development should take place on land having stable, well-

drained soils and land that is free from the danger of flooding.  Moderately level
topography is desirable for most residential development; however, some areas
with steep terrain can be used, but it should be developed only as low density
residential development.

Residential densities should be determined on the basis of topography; proximity

to major access streets and highways; proximity to work areas; and the
availability of utilities and other community facilities.

There should be a range of choice in residential densities located on or near the

areas of intensive activities.  However, there should be adequate, permanent open
space made available in high-density areas.  Lower densities should occupy the
steeper portions of Dickenson County.

Residential development should preserve or create a neighborhood unit free from

the influence and encroachment of incompatible uses.

Each residential area should contain or have readily accessible all the facilities,

both public and private, that are necessary for convenient, modern living.
COMMERCIAL LAND USE
Commercial land use includes all activities, which are predominantly connected
with the sale of products or the performance of services.  This includes retail trade, office
space, personal and professional services, and entertainment facilities.  Retail
establishments can be classified according to the type of market that they serve, such as
regional, community, or neighborhood scales.  Convenience, neighborhood and
When decentralized, uncoordinated development occurs, many years may pass
before the provision of some services becomes feasible. Uncontrolled, random patterns
of residential development would be contrary to the goal of providing services to the
residents in a timely and efficient manner.
Residential Land Use Guidelines:


Future residential development should take place on land having stable, well-
drained soils and land that is free from the danger of flooding. Moderately level
topography is desirable for most residential development; however, some areas
with steep terrain can be used, but it should be developed only as low density
residential development.


Residential densities should be determined on the basis of topography; proximity
to major access streets and highways; proximity to work areas; and the
availability of utilities and other community facilities.


There should be a range of choice in residential densities located on or near the
areas of intensive activities. However, there should be adequate, permanent open
space made available in high-density areas. Lower densities should occupy the
steeper portions of Dickenson County.


Residential development should preserve or create a neighborhood unit free from
the influence and encroachment of incompatible uses.


Each residential area should contain or have readily accessible all the facilities,


both public and private, that are necessary for convenient, modern living.
COMMERCIAL LAND USE
Commercial land use includes all activities, which are predominantly connected
with the sale of products or the performance of services. This includes retail trade, office
space, personal and professional services, and entertainment facilities. Retail
establishments can be classified according to the type of market that they serve, such as
regional, community, or neighborhood scales. Convenience, neighborhood and
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community scale retail provide every day, immediate goods, while regional and sub-
regional retail provide more specialized goods.
Commercial Land Use Guidelines:

Provisions should be made for two principal types of commercial areas:

neighborhood shopping and  community shopping.

New commercial developments should be in the form of unified and concentrated

planned developments.  Spot commercial development in residential
neighborhoods and the stringing out of commercial development along streets, or
what has been referred to as a strip commercial development.  Due to physical
constraints of properly strip commercial development is avitagious for immediate
development of commercial property.

Commercial areas should not detract from residential and industrial development

nor should residential and industrial development adversely affect commercial
areas.

The protection of pedestrian traffic should be given adequate consideration to

insure the safety and flow of pedestrians in new commercial development areas
without unnecessary interruption of automobile traffic.
Existing commercial establishments should be encouraged and assisted to the fullest
extent possible in correcting any deficiencies, to improve traffic safety and convenience.
INDUSTRIAL LAND USE
Activities predominantly connected with the manufacturing, assembly,
processing, storage and distribution of products are considered industrial. Industrial
facilities place a heavy demand on local resources, and have the greatest impact on the
surrounding environment. Land use policies that promote the efficient utilization of
community scale retail provide every day, immediate goods, while regional and sub-
regional retail provide more specialized goods.
Commercial Land Use Guidelines:
Provisions should be made for two principal types of commercial areas:
neighborhood shopping and community shopping.

New commercial developments should be in the form of unified and concentrated
planned developments. Spot commercial development in residential
neighborhoods and the stringing out of commercial development along streets, or
what has been referred to as a strip commercial development. Due to physical
constraints of properly strip commercial development is avitagious for immediate

development of commercial property.

Commercial areas should not detract from residential and industrial development
nor should residential and industrial development adversely affect commercial

areas.
4. The protection of pedestrian traffic should be given adequate consideration to
insure the safety and flow of pedestrians in new commercial development areas
without unnecessary interruption of automobile traffic.
Existing commercial establishments
should be encouraged and assisted to the fullest
extent possible in correcting any deficiencies, to improve traffic safety and convenience.
INDUSTRIAL LAND USE
Activities predominantly connected with the manufacturing, assembly,
processing, storage and distribution of products are considered industrial, Industrial
facilities place a heavy demand on local resources, and have the greatest impact on the
surrounding environment. Land use policies that promote the efficient utilization of
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industrial development is to be realized. The location must respect air and water flows
and the more visible environmental features.
In general, “cleaner” industries are preferred over those that employ
heavily impactive processes. Any new industrial activity should not impede the
county’s efforts to meet established environmental quality standards. In order to attract
desired industries, it is necessary to reserve enough suitable land as is deemed
necessary for future growth. Industrial activities should be located where land use
buffers can be established to separate and protect non-industrial uses, and where natural
land characteristics are conducive to high site development intensities.
Industrial Land Use Guidelines:

Industrial development should take place on land having stable, well-drained soils.

Topography should be reasonably level and free from flooding and grading
problems. Climatic factors such as prevailing wind speed and directions should be
considered in potential industrial locations.

Basic utilities such as water, sewer, electricity, and gas should be available in

adequate capacities to industrial areas.

Appropriate transportation facilities with good access to highways, and

where possible rail facilities, should be available to industrial areas.
Industrial plants which generate large volumes of traffic should be located
on major streets so as not to encourage traffic through residential areas; and,
where possible, industrial areas should be buffered by major highways,
railroads, and greenbelt areas, greater set-back depth or natural topographic
features.

Site size requirements for different types of industrial usage vary widely as

does the locational requirements. Therefore, there should be provided a range
of choice in site sizes and location with sufficient flexibility to meet the
need of a wide variety of industries.

Land set aside for industrial use should not overshadow other community needs

nor be arranged as to hinder proper residential or commercial growth. At the
industrial development is to be realized. The location must respect air and water flows
and the more visible environmental features.
In general, “cleaner” industries are preferred over those that employ
heavily impactive processes. Any new industrial activity should not impede the
county’s efforts to meet established environmental quality standards. In order to attract
desired industries, it is necessary to reserve enough suitable land as is deemed
necessary for future growth. Industrial activities should be located where land use
buffers can be established to separate and protect non-industrial uses, and where natural
land characteristics are conducive to high site development intensities.
Industrial Land Use Guidelines:
1, Industrial development should take place on land having stable, well-drained soils.
Topography should be reasonably level and free from flooding and grading
problems. Climatic factors such as prevailing wind speed and directions should be
considered in potential industrial locations

Basic utilities such as water, sewer, electricity, and gas should be available in

adequate capacities to industrial areas.

Appropriate transportation facilities with good access to highways, and
where possible rail facilities, should be available to industrial areas
Industrial plants which generate large volumes of traffic should be located
on major streets so as not to encourage traffic through residential areas; and,
where possible, industrial areas should be buffered by major highways,
railroads, and greenbelt areas, greater set-back depth or natural topographic

features.

Site size requirements for different types of industrial usage vary widely as
does the locational requirements. Therefore, there should be provided a range
of choice in site sizes and location with sufficient flexibility to meet the

need of a wide variety of industries.

Land set aside for industrial use should not overshadow other community needs

nor be arranged as to hinder proper residential or commercial growth. At the
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same time, it is equally important that residences and commercial establishments
not be allowed to encroach upon land planned for industrial use.
RECREATIONAL AND OPEN SPACES
The recreational and open space areas are ordinarily included in a larger
category “public and semi-public lands” which includes areas containing schools,
churches, police protection and other necessary lands. Although recreation will be dealt
with in the community facilities category, recreational space and open space land use
guidelines are presented in the land use plan.
Recreational and open space land use guidelines:

Appropriately located community recreation facilities should be

provided to serve the residents. These facilities should be adequate
in terms of size, number and variety. The facilities should serve the
needs of the total population.

Whenever possible, natural boundaries such as steeply sloping ridges,

sinkable areas, areas of exposed bedrocks, stream flood plains, and
the areas unsuitable for urban development should be used as natural
dividers between neighborhoods and retained as recreation and for
open spaces.

Places of historical significance, as well as areas having rare natural

beauty should be preserved and well maintained.

Areas designated in the land use plan as intended for permanent

open space or recreation should be reserved as such.

Agricultural uses should be retained in areas subject to periodic

flooding and in outlying areas where premature urbanization would
be detrimental to the community.

Where feasible, land use for the production or extraction of natural

resources should be isolated in compact areas so as not to detract
from the beauty and integrity of the community.
same time, it is equally important that residences and commercial establishments
not be allowed to encroach upon land planned for industrial use.
RECREATIONAL AND OPEN SPACES
The recreational and open space areas are ordinarily included in a larger
category “public and semi-public lands” which includes areas containing schools,
churches, police protection and other necessary lands. Although recreation will be dealt
with in the community facilities category, recreational space and open space land use
guidelines are presented in the land use plan,
Recreational and open space land use guidelines:


Appropriately located community recreation facilities should be
provided to serve the residents. These facilities should be adequate
in terms of size, number and variety. The facilities should serve the
needs of the total population,


Whenever possible, natural boundaries such as steeply sloping ridges,
sinkable areas, areas of exposed bedrocks, stream flood plains, and
the areas unsuitable for urban development should be used as natural
dividers between neighborhoods and retained as recreation and for
open spaces.


3 Places of historical significance, as well as areas having rare natural
beauty should be preserved and well maintained.
4, Areas designated in the land use plan as intended for permanent
open space or recreation should be reserved as such.


Agricultural uses should be retained in areas subject to periodic
flooding and in outlying areas where premature urbanization would
be detrimental to the community.


Where feasible, land use for the production or extraction of natural
resources should be isolated in compact areas so as not to detract


from the beauty and integrity of the community.
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SUMMARY OF EXISTING LAND USE
A comprehensive view of the existing land use composition in Dickenson County
was determined approximately fifteen years ago. Recent field studies indicate changes in
land use acreage since the original calculations were compiled.
Slight growth since 1978 has occurred in all areas of developed land, with
residential land use showing the largest increases. More land is being used for
residential purposes because of two reasons, the population increases that took place
during the seventies and a decrease in the number of persons living in each housing
unit.
Land used for mining and quarrying has dropped tremendously, with reclaimed
land adding to Dickenson County’s forest areas. Mining and mining related industries
are expected to continue to decrease. Land used for agriculture has decreased slightly,
while the amount of acreage covered by water remains unchanged.
FUTURE LAND USE
Future residential development should take place in areas where public water and
sewer service is available and the continued expansion of those services.  The
development will occur mainly on ridge tops and as in filling in semi-developed areas
where topography is suitable. Recreational and second homes are a likely growth
possibility if efforts to promote the scenic beauty of Dickenson County are successful.
Commercial development of gas well, coal, timber and service support will
occur primarily as small service oriented business in a random pattern related to
population density and location. The major commercial developments will likely
occur in and around Clintwood and Haysi. Development of the tourism industry will
provide opportunities for further commercial development along Rt. 83, the
SUMMARY OF EXISTING LAND USE
A comprehensive view of the existing land use composition in Dickenson County
was determined approximately fifteen years ago. Recent field studies indicate changes in
land use acreage since the original calculations were compiled.
Slight growth since 1978 has occurred in all areas of developed land, with
residential land use showing the largest increases. More land is being used for
residential purposes because of two reasons, the population increases that took place
during the seventies and a decrease in the number of persons living in each housing
unit.
Land used for mining and quarrying has dropped tremendously, with reclaimed
land adding to Dickenson County’s forest areas. Mining and mining related industries
are expected to continue to decrease. Land used for agriculture has decreased slightly,
while the amount of acreage covered by water remains unchanged.
FUTURE LAND USE
Future residential development should take place in areas where public water and
sewer service is available and the continued expansion of those services. The
development will occur mainly on ridge tops and as in filling in semi-developed areas
where topography is suitable. Recreational and second homes are a likely growth
possibility if efforts to promote the scenic beauty of Dickenson County are successful.
Commercial development of gas well, coal, timber and service support will
occur primarily as small service oriented business in a random pattern related to
population density and location. The major commercial developments will likely
occur in and around Clintwood and Haysi. Development of the tourism industry will
provide opportuni
for further commercial development along Rt. 83, the
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development of the proposed coalfield expressway, and in the vicinity of the Breaks
Park.
The Dickenson County Technology Park can no longer provide for industrial
development in Dickenson County due to the recent location of the regional
operational headquarters of Equitable Resources.  Additional sites suitable for
industrial development should be analyzed and optioned for future use.
Dickenson County’s scenic beauty and opportunities for various types of
outdoor recreation could make the county a potential tourist attraction. A specific and
comprehensive tourism/recreation plan for the county should be developed.
The Breaks Park should be the focal point of all tourism efforts and should be
expanded in size and facilities in order to attract more visitors. Improved access to the
park should be provided by a scenic parkway.
SUITABILITY
The ability of soil to support various land uses effects suitability. Soil
properties such as percolation, compaction, shrink-swell potential, density, slope, depth
to bedrock, underlying material, location, water table and composition are factors
considered in determining the suitability and limitations that soil may possess for
different land uses.  The County is currently assisting with a countywide soil analysis to
record all soils and their properties.
Areas with slopes in excess of 20 percent are generally considered unsuitable for
urban type development. This presents severe development problems, and a
suitability analysis should be performed before any land is developed in Dickenson
County.
development of the proposed coalfield expressway, and in the vicinity of the Breaks
Park.
The Dickenson County Technology Park can no longer provide for industrial
development in Dickenson County due to the recent location of the regional
operational headquarters of Equitable Resources. Additional sites suitable for
industrial development should be analyzed and optioned for future use.
Dickenson County’s scenic beauty and opportunities for various types of
outdoor recreation could make the county a potential tourist attraction, A specific and
comprehensive tourism/recreation plan for the county should be developed.
The Breaks Park should be the focal point of all tourism efforts and should be
expanded in size and facilities in order to attract more visitors. Improved access to the
park should be provided by a scenic parkway.
SUITABILITY
The ability of soil to support various land uses effects suitability. Soil
properties such as percolation, compaction, shrink-swell potential, density, slope, depth
to bedrock, underlying material, location, water table and composition are factors
considered in determining the suitability and limitations that soil may possess for
different land uses. The County is currently assisting with a countywide soil analysis to
record all soils and their properties.
Areas with slopes in excess of 20 percent are generally considered unsuitable for
urban type development. This presents severe development problems, and a
suitability analysis should be performed before any land is developed in Dickenson
County.
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Caution should be exercised when considering, the use of surface mined land
for development purposes. Strip mined land has been used for a number of urban
type uses including residential development, mobile home parks, school sites,
commercial development and industrial sites. The development of strip-mined lands
should be approached with caution. Subsurface conditions are often unstable and there
have been many problems with subsidence and settling after these areas have been
developed. Anytime a void is created below the surface, the possibility of
subsidence is present.
This problem has grown in recent years with the widespread use of “long wall”
mining. In conventional “room and pillar” mining, only 50-60 percent of the coal is
actually moved, with the remainder left in place to provide surface support. Only in
undeveloped areas where surface disturbances would not be harmful are these pillars
usually removed.
In long wall mining, the extraction rate is nearly 100 percent. This mining
technique is basically a controlled subsidence, as the long wall panel moves through the
seam; the mountain is allowed to cave in behind it. The extent of surface damage due
to subsidence depends on many factors, including geology and seam depth.
In order to prevent costly and deadly destruction from the ravages of floods,
areas known as floodways should be reserved for the un-obstructive flow of
floodwaters. In the adjacent flood plains, new structures should be elevated above the
level of the hundred-year flood.  The County is currently participating in a U.S.
Corps of Engineers project to evaluate all structures in the flood plain/zoned to
remove all these structures and implement a flood warning system.
Caution should be exercised when considering, the use of surface mined land
for development purposes. Strip mined land has been used for a number of urban
type uses including residential development, mobile home parks, school sites,
commercial development and industrial sites. The development of strip-mined lands
should be approached with caution. Subsurface conditions are often unstable and there
have been many problems with subsidence and settling after these areas have been
developed. Anytime a void is created below the surface, the possibility of
subsidence is present.
This problem has grown in recent years with the widespread use of "long wall”
mining. In conventional “room and pillar” mining, only 50-60 percent of the coal is
actually moved, with the remainder left in place to provide surface support. Only in
undeveloped areas where surface disturbances would not be harmful are these pillars
usually removed.
In long wall mining, the extraction rate is nearly 100 percent. This mining
technique is basically a controlled subsidence, as the long wall panel moves through the
seam; the mountain is allowed to cave in behind it. The extent of surface damage due
to subsidence depends on many factors, including geology and seam depth.
In order to prevent costly and deadly destruction from the ravages of floods,
areas known as floodways should be reserved for the un-obstructive flow of
floodwaters. In the adjacent flood plains, new structures should be elevated above the
level of the hundred-year flood. The County is currently participating in a U.S.
Corps of Engineers project to evaluate all structures in the flood plain/zoned to
remove all these structures and implement a flood warning system.
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COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Community facilities and services include those government and quasi-
public improvements that benefit and serve the general public. Community
facilities include buildings, lands, and improvements that provide utilities, schools,
health care, public safety and recreation. These facilities are among the basic
necessities needed for a community’s growth and development.
WATER
As stated in the survey of Dickenson County’s natural resources, a safe, clean
and dependable water supply is required for many commercial, industrial, agricultural
and recreational purposes. Coal mining operations have seriously damaged the supply
of groundwater in Dickenson County. Underground aquifers have been depleted and only
a small amount of groundwater is still available.
Lack of water is a slight problem for some residents. Projects are currently
underway to provide adequate water services for all of Dickenson County. Upcoming
and ongoing water projects are; Tom Bottom which will serve 32 customers, Multi-
Community water projects 125 customers, Sullivan Branch water project 25-30
customers, Rt. 80 water project 20-25 customers and Tempest Branch which will
serve 46 customers.  The Dickenson County PSA presently serves 4,221 customers.
The major provider of water is the John Flannagan Water Authority, which is
authorized to draw 2.75 million gallons of water per day from the John Flannagan
Lake. The Buchanan County Public Service Authority and the Dickenson County Public
Service Authority also receives water from John Flannagan Water Authority.
 The Dickenson County Public Service Authority has experienced unprecedented  

growth since its entry into public water in 1990. The number of customers has increased
almost a hundredfold to the current level of approximately 4,000.  A concentrated effort
has been made to establish a new service in all areas of the county, thereby creating a
springboard for additional extensions in the future.
COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Community facilities and services include those government and quasi-
public improvements that benefit and serve the general public. Community
facilities include buildings, lands, and improvements that provide utilities, schools,
health care, public safety and recreation. These facilities are among the basic
necessities needed for a community’s growth and development.
WATER
As Jean
ted in the survey of Dickenson County’s natural resources, a safe,
and dependable water supply is required for many commercial, industrial, agricultural
and recreational purposes. Coal mining operations have seriously damaged the supply
of groundwater in Dickenson County. Underground aquifers have been depleted and only
a small amount of groundwater is still available.
Lack of water is a slight problem for some residents. Projects are currently
underway to provide adequate water services for all of Dickenson County. Upcoming
and ongoing water projects are; Tom Bottom which will serve 32 customers, Multi-
Community water projects 125 customers, Sullivan Branch water project 25-30
customers, Rt. 80 water project 20-25 customers and Tempest Branch which will
serve 46 customers, The Dickenson County PSA presently serves 4,221 customers.
The major provider of water is the John Flannagan Water Authority, which is
authorized to draw 2.75 million gallons of water per day from the John Flannagan
Lake. The Buchanan County Public Service Authority and the Dickenson County Public
Service Authority also receives water from John Flannagan Water Authority.
The Dickenson County Public Service Authority has experienced unprecedented
growth since its entry into public water in 1990, The number of customers has increased
almost a hundredfold to the current level of approximately 4,000. A concentrated effort
has been made to establish a new service in all areas of the county, thereby creating a
springboard for additional extensions in the future.
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Dickenson County is somewhat unique in that it has four (4) providers of public
water, two (2) of which are other counties. In addition to the Dickenson County Public
Service Authority and the Town of Clintwood, water is also provided to portions of
Dickenson County by Buchanan and Wise Counties.  The geographic locations of these
various providers has dictated that the Dickenson County Public Service Authority
development be a system of sub-systems, many times relying on the other providers for
the water source. While this arrangement is complex it has worked extremely well.
Public water availability has increased from 35% in 1990 to approximately 85%
presently.  Although our bulk water suppliers are separate government entities they have
their own budgets and capital improvement plans, the Public Service Authority
communicates regularly to ensure that sufficient water is available to provide a water
source for projects for Dickenson County.
Dickenson County is predominately a residential and agriculture community with
very limited industrial development.  Thus, there are some areas within the County,
which will be very difficult to provide with public water when financial feasibility is
considered. The Dickenson County Public Service Authority is very dedicated to
exhausting every effort to provide clean and safe drinking water to Dickenson County
homes and has been able to extend service to areas which were considered unfeasible a
decade ago.  At present there are 3,941 water customers served by the Public Service
Authority.  The authority maintains 230 miles of line four inches in diameter and larger,
31 pump stations and 23 storage tanks.  Since 1992, a total of 33 projects have been
completed or are funded and in progress.
SEWAGE
The Town of Clintwood Sewage Treatment Facility has a treatment capacity of
500,000 gallons per day with average daily use of 240,000 gallons per day. Available
capacity is 260,000 gallons per day with the capacity to readily expand to 1,000,000
gallons per day. The Dickenson County Public Service Authority Sewage Treatment
Facility, located in Haysi, has a treatment capacity of 100,000 gallons per day. Average
Dickenson County is somewhat unique in that it has four (4) providers of public
water, two (2) of which are other counties. In addition to the Dickenson County Public
Service Authority and the Town of Clintwood, water is also provided to portions of
Dickenson County by Buchanan and Wise Counties. The geographic locations of these
various providers has dictated that the Dickenson County Public Service Authority
development be a system of sub-systems, many times relying on the other providers for
the water source. While this arrangement is complex it has worked extremely well.
Public water availability has increased from 35% in 1990 to approximately 85%
presently. Although our bulk water suppliers are separate government entities they have
their own budgets and capital improvement plans, the Public Service Authority
communicates regularly to ensure that sufficient water is available to provide a water
source for projects for Dickenson County.
Dickenson County is predominately a residential and agriculture community with
very limited industrial development. Thus, there are some areas within the County,
which will be very difficult to provide with public water when financial feasibility is
considered. The Dickenson County Public Service Authority is very dedicated to
exhausting every effort to provide clean and safe drinking water to Dickenson County
homes and has been able to extend service to areas which were considered unfeasible a
decade ago. At present there are 3,941 water customers served by the Public Service
Authority. The authority maintains 230 miles of line four inches in diameter and larger,
31 pump stations and 23 storage tanks. Since 1992, a total of 33 projects have been
completed or are funded and in progress.
SEWAGE
The Town of Clintwood Sewage Treatment Facility has a treatment capacity of
500,000 gallons per day with average daily use of 240,000 gallons per day. Available
capacity is 260,000 gallons per day with the capacity to readily expand to 1,000,000
gallons per day. The Dickenson County Public Service Authority Sewage Treatment
Facility, located in Haysi, has a treatment capacity of 100,000 gallons per day. Average
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daily use is 30,000 gallons per day. A smaller plant located in Trammel has a capacity of
20,000 gallons per day; average daily use is currently 7,500 gallons per day.  Public
sewer in Service for the Town of Clintwood serves 799 customers, while Town of
Clinchco serves 366 customers; Town of Haysi 110 customers; and Trammel 60
customers.
Public Sewer in Service Water Projects On-going or Up-coming
• Town of Clintwood - 799 customers
• Town of Clinchco - 366 customers
• Town of Haysi - 110 customers
• Trammel - 60 customers
• Tom Bottom Water Project- 32
customers
• Multi-Community Water Project -
126 customers
• Sullivan Branch Water Project - 25
to 30 customers
• Rt.80 Water Project - 20 to 25
customers
• Tempest Branch Water Project - 46
customers
Public water in service - 4221 customers served by the Dickenson County PSA
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Solid Waste is defined as any type of garbage or refuse including solid, liquid,
semisolid or contained gaseous material. This includes industrial, hazardous, medical and
municipal waste, each of which requires different treatment. Most of these waste types
are strictly regulated by federal agencies, but several aspects of their collection,
processing, and disposal are local planning issues. Solid Waste collection and disposal
is a growing responsibility for county, city and town governments. This service is a
fundamental part of each resident’s daily life.
Once refuse has been collected, there are two main methods of preparing it for
final disposal, incineration and compacting. Both methods are aimed at reducing the
mass and volume of waste, the former by burning and the latter by compression.
Incineration, although sometimes believed to be more cost effective and efficient, may
produce gaseous pollutants, which can be removed from the exhaust gases only by
stack scrubbing. However, wet scrubbers produce liquid effluent, creating a trade off
between polluted air and polluted water. The heat generated by combustion can be
daily use is 30,000 gallons per day. A smaller plant located in Trammel has a capacity of
20,000 gallons per day: average daily use is currently 7,500 gallons per day. Public
sewer in Service for the Town of Clintwood serves 799 customers, while Town of
Clinchco serves 366 customers; Town of Haysi 110 customers; and Trammel 60
customers.
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
Solid Waste is defined as any type of garbage or refuse including solid, liquid,
semisolid or contained gaseous material. This includes industrial, hazardous, medical and
municipal waste, each of which requires different treatment. Most of these waste types
are strictly regulated by federal agencies, but several aspects of their collection,
processing, and disposal are local planning issues. Solid Waste collection and disposal
is a growing responsibility for county, city and town governments. This service is a
fundamental part of each resident’s daily life.
Once refuse has been collected, there are two main methods of preparing it for
final disposal, incineration and compacting. Both methods are aimed at reducing the
mass and volume of waste, the former by burning and the latter by compression.
Incineration, although sometimes believed to be more cost effective and efficient, may
produce gascous pollutants, which can be removed from the exhaust gases only by
stack scrubbing. However, wet scrubbers produce liquid effluent, creating a trade off
between polluted air and polluted water. The heat generated by combustion can be
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recovered for beneficial uses such as the generation of steam, chilled water or
electricity. Compacted waste is placed in a sanitary landfill, where fresh waste is
covered with clean fill.
There are a number of ways to limit the need for disposal, including recycling,
source reduction, and composting and energy reclamation. All of these methods are
elements of the comprehensive solid waste management program operated through the
Cumberland Plateau Regional Waste Authority.
A regional approach to solid waste management is offered by the Cumberland
Plateau Regional Waste Management Authority, which includes Dickenson, Buchanan
and Russell Counties. The authority has signed a five-year option with BFI, Inc., to
dispose of solid waste at a facility outside the three-county area and the consideration
of Russell to participate.
Three transfer stations have been constructed, one in each county. Dickenson
County sends its waste to the county transfer station, where the waste becomes
property of the authority and transferred to a landfill located in Tennessee.
Jurisdictions using their existing landfills after October 1993 faced new and
expensive regulations taking effect at that time. In order to avoid additional expenses,
the authority elected to transport its waste at this time. Although the costs of
establishing a regional landfill are not currently in the best interest of the authority, it
is recommended that future consideration of a regional landfill.
The Cumberland Plateau Regional Waste Management Authority has
compiled a regional waste management plan and are reviewing waste management
options being operated successfully in other regions, in order to provide the three-county
area with safe and adequate disposal in the future.
recovered for beneficial uses such as the generation of steam, chilled water or
electricity. Compacted waste is placed in a sanitary landfill, where fresh waste is
covered with clean fill.
There are a number of ways to limit the need for disposal, including recycling,
source reduction, and composting and energy reclamation, All of these methods are
elements of the comprehensive solid waste management program operated through the
Cumberland Plateau Regional Waste Authority.
A regional approach to solid waste management is offered by the Cumberland
Plateau Regional Waste Management Authority, which includes Dickenson, Buchanan
and Russell Counties. The authority has signed a five-year option with BFl, Inc., to
dispose of solid waste at a facility outside the three-county area and the consideration
of Russell to participate.
Three transfer stations have been constructed, one in each county. Dickenson
County sends its waste to the county transfer station, where the waste becomes
property of the authority and transferred to a landfill located in Tennessee.
Jurisdictions using their existing landfills after October 1993 faced new and
expensive regulations taking effect at that time. In order to avoid additional expenses,
the authority elected to transport its waste at this time. Although the costs of
establishing a regional landfill are not currently in the best interest of the authority, it
is recommended that future consideration of a regional landfill.
The Cumberland Plateau Regional Waste Management Authority has
compiled a regional waste management plan and are reviewing waste management
options being operated successfully in other regions, in order to provide the three-county
area with safe and adequate disposal in the future.
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If needed by the county and if suitable areas of the county can be based on state
and county regulations and/or law areas may be designated for the establishment of
landfills, and/or incinerators. No areas of the county are currently designated for the
development of landfills and/or incinerators.
ELECTRICITY
American Electric Power supplies most of Dickenson County with electricity.
Old Dominion Power Company serves the Sandy Ridge area. Six coal burning
generator plants and two hydroelectric plants provide power.
PUBLIC SAFETY
29 law enforcement officers, and 3 school resource officers provide public
safety in the county.  The County has 5 State Police officers that are also assigned to
the county. The town of Clintwood has two policemen, the town of Haysi has two,
and Clinchco has one.
There are four fire departments in Dickenson County with 75 volunteers
serving the county residents with fire protection. Clintwood’s fire insurance rating is a
five, Haysi rates a seven, and the rest of the county receives an ISO rating of either a 9
or 10.
The County also has a 911 office centrally located in the Town of Clintwood
that assist local residents as well as local law enforcement agencies in emergency
situations.  The 911 offices also provide a mapping department that provides residents
with a needed physical address.
Four squads provide rescue service in the county with 75 volunteers, each has
training in general emergency service and a variety of industrial accident situations
including hazardous materials and heavy equipment.
If needed by the county and if suitable areas of the county can be based on state
and county regulations and/or law areas may be designated for the establishment of
landfills, and/or incinerators. No areas of the county are currently designated for the
development of landfills and/or incinerators.
ELECTRICITY
American Electric Power supplies most of Dickenson County with electricity.
Old Dominion Power Company serves the Sandy Ridge area. Six coal burning
generator plants and two hydroelectric plants provide power.
PUBLIC SAFETY
29 law enforcement officers, and 3 school resource officers provide public
safety in the county. The County has 5 State Police officers that are also assigned to
the county. The town of Clintwood has two policemen, the town of Haysi has two,
and Clinchco has one.
‘There are four fire departments in Dickenson County with 75 volunteers
serving the county residents with fire protection. Clintwood’s fire insurance rating is a
five, Haysi rates a seven, and the rest of the county receives an ISO rating of either a 9
or 10,
The County also has a 911 office centrally located in the Town of Clintwood
that assist local residents as well as local law enforcement agencies in emergency
situations, The 911 offices also provide a mapping department that provides residents
with a needed physical address
Four squads provide rescue service in the county with 75 volunteers, each has
training in general emergency service and a variety of industrial accident situations
including hazardous materials and heavy equipment.
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MEDICAL FACILITIES
Dickenson Community Hospital (Mountain States Health Alliance), located in
Clintwood, Virginia opened in November 2003.  It is a 25-bed not-for-profit Critical
Access Hospital owned by Norton Community Hospital.  24-hr. Emergency Care, 3-D
Ultrasound, Bone Densitometry, CT Scan, EKG, Geriatric Care, Holter Monitoring,
Intensive Care Unit (3-bed), Laboratory Services, Medical Unit (22 bed), Occupational
Therapy, Physical Therapy, Radiology Services, Respiratory Services, Speech Therapy,
and Telemetry are some of the services provided.
Dickenson County also contains six community medical clinics, and long term
care in the county is provided by Heritage Hall Health Care nursing home in
Clintwood. Three dentists and 19 physicians attend to the medical needs of Dickenson
County residents.
Regional Hospitals include:
Dickenson Community Hospital  Clintwood, VA
Norton Community Hospital   Norton, VA
Mountain View Regional    Norton, VA
Johnson Memorial Hospital   Abingdon, VA
Bristol Regional Medical Center  Bristol, TN
Indian Path Pavilion    Kingsport, TN
Holston Valley Medical Center  Kingsport, TN
EDUCATION
The Dickenson County public education system is composed of five elementary
Schools, three high schools and one career and technical center.  (See table p. 83)  Over
the last eighteen years, the enrollment in Dickenson County Schools has dropped
substantially from 3,467 students to 2,464 students.  Haysi High School built in 1953 and
located in Haysi houses ninth through twelfth grade students. Haysi has a total enrollment
of 284 students.  Clintwood High School, located in the town of Clintwood, was built in
MEDICAL FACILITIES
Dickenson Community Hospital (Mountain States Health Alliance), located in
Clintwood, Virginia opened in November 2003. It is a 25-bed not-for-profit Critical
Access Hospital owned by Norton Community Hospital. 24-hr. Emergency Care, 3-D
Ultrasound, Bone Densitometry, CT Scan, EKG, Geriatric Care, Holter Monitoring,
Intensive Care Unit (3-bed), Laboratory Services, Medical Unit (22 bed), Occupational
Therapy, Physical Therapy, Radiology Services, Respiratory Services, Speech Therapy,
and Telemetry are some of the services provided.
Dickenson County also contains six community medical clinics, and long term
care in the county is provided by Heritage Hall Health Care nursing home in
Clintwood. Three dentists and 19 physicians attend to the medical needs of Dickenson
County residents.
EDUCATION
The Dickenson County public education system is composed of five elementary
Schools, three high schools and one career and technical center. (See table p. 83) Over
the last eighteen years, the enrollment in Dickenson County Schools has dropped
substantially from 3,467 students to 2,464 students. Haysi High School built in 1953 and
located in Haysi houses ninth through twelfth grade students. Haysi has a total enrollment
of 284 students, Clintwood High School, located in the town of Clintwood, was built in
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1954 and houses ninth through twelfth grade student.  Clintwood’s total enrollment is 344
students.  The smallest high school, Ervinton, is located at Nora Virginia, was built in

Ervinton’s present enrollment is 216 and includes eight through twelfth grade

students. Taking into account the age of our three high schools along with the declining
enrollment and staff, it is obvious that the students in Dickenson County are not only
trapped in mid- 20th Century buildings but cannot be exposed to a broad based curriculum
needed to compete in the 21st century workforce and higher education.   A study of the
available staff and course offerings at each school makes it obvious that the Dickenson
County School curriculum offerings are at a very minimum as required by State and
Federal regulations.  The goal of Dickenson County should be to meet the needs of the
children and to prepare them for real world experiences.
Dickenson County School System
Schools
Year
Built Grades Enrollment
of
Teachers
of
Support
Clintwood High School 1954 9-12 344 30 9
Ervinton High School 1955 8-12 216 25 11
Haysi High School 1953 9-12 284 28 9
Dickenson County Career
Center 1968     17 11
Total High
School: 844 100 40
Clinchco Elementary School 1978 K-7 173 24 24
Clintwood Elementary
School 1977 K-8 372 34 15
Ervinton Elementary School 1935 K-7 209 24 20
Longs Fork Elementary
School 1967 K-8 329 27 18
Sandlick Elementary School 1970 K-8 532 40 25
Total
Elementary:  1615 149 102
*District
Total: 2459 249 142
*Enrollment as of December 2007
1954 and houses ninth through twelfth grade student. Clintwood’s total enrollment is 344
students. The smallest high school, Ervinton, is located at Nora Virginia, was built in
1955. Ervinton’s present enrollment is 216 and includes eight through twelfth grade
students. Taking into account the age of our three high schools along with the declining
enrollment and staff, it is obvious that the students in Dickenson County are not only
trapped in mid- 20" Century buildings but cannot be exposed to a broad based curriculum
needed to compete in the 21" century workforce and higher education. A study of the
available staff and course offerings at each school makes it obvious that the Dickenson
County School curriculum offerings are at a very minimum as required by State and
Federal regulations. The goal of Dickenson County should be to meet the needs of the
children and to prepare them for real world experiences.
Dickenson County School System
Year Hof # of
Schools Built Grades | Enrollment Teachers Support
Clintwood High Schoo! 1954 9-12 344 30 9
Ervinton High School 1955 B26 25 11
Haysi High Schoo! 1953 o12 (Ba 28 8
Dickenson County Career |
Center 1968 7 “1
Total High
School: 844 100 40
Clinchco Elementary School | 1978 KT 173 24 24
Clintwood Elementary
School 1977 Ke 372 34 15
Ervinton Elementary School | 1935 KT?) ~~«208 24 20
Longs Fork Elementary T
School 1967 Ke 329 27 18
Sandlick Elementary School | 1970 Ke 532 40 B
Total
Elementary: 1615 149 102
“District
Total: 2459 249 142
“Enrolment as of December 2007
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An analysis of data including enrollment numbers, staff and class schedules
indicate that the School System does not presently have the enrollment or staff at each
school to support a broad range of curriculum offerings in order to meet the 21st Century
needs of the students.  Because students are obviously deprived of opportunities that
would more effectively assure their success in the real world, Dickenson County has the
obligation to the students and their future to develop short and long-range plans that will
move our education system into the 21st Century.
Two Community Colleges serve Dickenson County - Southwest Virginia
Community College in Richlands and Mountain Empire Community College in Big
Stone Gap. Both colleges offer two-year programs in technical/occupational fields as
well as transfer programs for students planning to attend a four-year school.
Four-year colleges, universities and professional schools in the region, within
three hours driving time, are:
UVA-Wise     Wise, VA
Emory and Henry College Emory, VA
Virginia Polytechnic Institute Blacksburg, VA
Radford University Radford, VA
East Tennessee State Univ. Johnson City, TN
King College Bristol, TN
Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate, TN
Pikeville College Pikeville, KY
Public responsibility for education does not stop at the provision of schools
and libraries; it extends to such diverse areas as public television and radio, adult literacy,
and job training. Educational television and radio provide ways of making specialized
information available to the majority of the population.
An analysis of data including enrollment numbers, staff and class schedules
indicate that the School System does not presently have the enrollment or staff at each
school to support a broad range of curriculum offerings in order to meet the 21" Century
needs of the students. Because students are obviously deprived of opportunities that
would more effectively assure their success in the real world, Dickenson County has the
obligation to the students and their future to develop short and long-range plans that will
move our education system into the 21 Century.
Two Community Colleges serve Dickenson County - Southwest Virginia
Community College in Richlands and Mountain Empire Community College in Big
Stone Gap. Both colleges offer two-year programs in technical/occupational fields as
well as transfer programs for students planning to attend a four-year school,
Public responsibility for education does not stop at the provision of schools
and libraries; it extends to such diverse areas as public television and radio, adult literacy,
and job training. Educational television and radio provide ways of making specialized
information available to the majority of the population.
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Colleges and universities are often the best providers of higher education for
nontraditional students in this region, and these institutions may require local
government assistance in performing this function. Community-based educational
programs or extension services sometimes need the part-time use of public facilities to
hold weekend and evening programs. Schools, libraries, and other public structures
should be made available for this purpose.
COMMUNICATIONS
Verizon provides telephone service. Long distance suppliers include AT&T,
MCI, U.S. Sprint, Telecom USA, Pectec Communications and Mid Atlantic Delecom.
Wireless internet access is provided through DCWIN. Alltel, Verizon, and Appalachian
Wireless provide cellular service. Telegraphs can be sent by Western Union. Seven U.S.
Post Offices serve the county. UPS, Federal Express, RPS, and Purolator Courier
provide express delivery.  Fiber Opti Broadband service is provided by BVU Optinet
through the Cumberland Plateau Planning District Commission.  The network provides a
diverse loop of high capacity fiber, assuring continuous broadband service to the
customers along the route.
Dickenson County is served with one weekly newspaper- The Dickenson Star.
The Coalfield Progress from adjoining Wise County is received biweekly. Newspapers
received daily in Dickenson County include the Bristol Herald Courier, the Roanoke
Times, the Kingsport Times-News, the Richmond Times Dispatch, USA Today, and the
Bluefield Daily News.
COMMERCE
There are three motels in Dickenson County with a total of 64 rooms, seven
banks, approximately two apparel stores and approximately 20 grocery stores.
Colleges and universities are often the best providers of higher education for
nontraditional students in this region, and these institutions may require local
government assistance in performing this function. Community-based educational
programs or extension services sometimes need the part-time use of public facilities to
hold weekend and evening programs. Schools, libraries, and other public structures
should be made available for this purpose.
COMMUNICATIONS
Verizon provides telephone service. Long distance suppliers include AT&T,
MCI, U.S. Sprint, Telecom USA, Pectec Communications and Mid Atlantic Delecom.
Wireless internet access is provided through DCWIN. Alltel, Verizon, and Appalachian
Wireless provide cellular service. Telegraphs can be sent by Western Union. Seven U.S.
Post Offices serve the county. UPS, Federal Express, RPS, and Purolator Courier
provide express delivery. Fiber Opti Broadband service is provided by BVU Optinet
through the Cumberland Plateau Planning District Commission, The network provides a
diverse loop of high capacity fiber, assuring continuous broadband service to the
customers along the route.
Dickenson County is served with one weekly newspaper- The Dickenson Star.
The Coalfield Progress from adjoining Wise County is received biweekly. Newspapers
received daily in Dickenson County include the Bristol Herald Courier, the Roanoke
Times, the Kingsport Times-News, the Richmond Times Dispatch, USA Today, and the
Bluefield Daily News.
COMMERCE
There are three motels in Dickenson County with a total of 64 rooms, seven
banks, approximately two apparel stores and approximately 20 grocery stores.
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INDUSTRIAL PARKS
Dickenson County Technology Park, which is adjacent to Clintwood’s town
limits, is a 125 acre site with an access road to state route 83. Natural gas, electrical and
water services are available on-site and sewer lines are in place to the site’s property
boundaries.
The Dickenson County Technology Park is currently the home of the following
companies: Appalachian Power, S.I. International, and is the future site of the Dickenson
Center for Education and Research and Equitable Resources.
The Dickenson County Childcare Center, also resides inside the Technology
Park. The Childcare Center offers licensed childcare, with open enrollment and fee
subsidy for eligible families.
RECREATION
The Breaks Interstate Park is one of two interstate parks in America and
encompasses 4,500 acres of woodland.
The Breaks, home of the deepest gorge
east of the Mississippi River, also rises
to lofty heights where golden eagles
make their home. The Towers and other
rock formations, caves, flora and
wildlife make the Breaks Park a unique
tourist destination. History, legend and
lore combine with the scenic beauty of
the Park, which was the reported
destination of several trips by Daniel
Boone. It is the home of Pow-Wow
Cave, used by the Shawnee Indians and those who love mystery and adventure can
search for the buried silver treasure of John Swift. For active visitors, the park also offers
INDUSTRIAL PARKS
Dickenson County Technology Park, which is adjacent to Clintwood’s town
limits, is a 125 acre site with an access road to state route 83. Natural gas, electrical and
water services are available on-site and sewer lines are in place to the site’s property
boundaries.
‘The Dickenson County Technology Park is currently the home of the following
companies: Appalachian Power, S.1. International, and is the future site of the Dickenson
Center for Education and Research and Equitable Resources.
The Dickenson County Childcare Center, also resides inside the Technology
Park. The Childcare Center offers licensed childcare, with open enrollment and fee
subsidy for eligible families.
RECREATION
The Breaks Interstate Park is one of two interstate parks in America and
encompasses 4,500 acres of woodland.
‘The Breaks, home of the deepest gorge
east of the Mississippi River, also rises
to lofty heights where golden eagles
make their home. The Towers and other
rock formations, caves, flora and
wildlife make the Breaks Park a unique
tourist destination. History, legend and
lore combine with the scenic beauty of
the Park, which was the reported
destination of several trips by Daniel
Boone. It is the home of Pow-Wow
Cave, used by the Shawnee Indians and those who love mystery and adventure can
search for the buried silver treasure of John Swift. For active visitors, the park also offers
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hiking, bike and driving trails, picnic and recreation areas, a lake with pedal boats, a
swimming pool, horseback riding and an amphitheater. A rustic lodge, cottages and a
large campground are available for extended visits. The Breaks Park also has a modern
conference center, restaurant, gift shop and visitor’s center. The folks in Eastern
Kentucky and Southwest Virginia welcome you to the Breaks Interstate Park!
Breaks Interstate Park is often called “The Grand Canyon of the South.” Perhaps
the scale of the 5-mile-long, .25-mile-deep gorge that forms the park’s centerpiece
cannot rival that of the Grand Canyon, but the canyon is among the longest and deepest
east of the Mississippi River. A better title might be "The Grand Canyon with Clothes
On." Where the raging Russell Fork of the Big Sandy River has carved the solid
sandstone over millions of years to break through Pine Mountain, nature has dressed the
canyon walls in some of Virginia’s most spectacular scenery.
Today, 4,500-acre Breaks Interstate Park, so called because it sits astride the state
line shared by both Kentucky and Virginia, attracts more than a third of a million visitors
annually. They come to fish the still pools, to raft the Class IV rapids of the Russell Fork
River, to stand at panoramic overlooks, to camp in the park’s wooded campsites, to walk
the miles of meandering hiking trails, and to see the beauty of Catawba rhododendron in
lavender bloom in early May.
Flannagan Dam is located in Dickenson County, Virginia, and stores the waters
of the Cranesnest and Pound Rivers. The dam was built as an element in the
Comprehensive Flood Control Plan
for the Ohio River Basin.
Flannagan is located in the Pound
River Valley only 12 miles south
of the Breaks Interstate Park. The
dam is operated by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, and it provides
hiking, bike and driving trails, picnic and recreation areas, a lake with pedal boats, a
swimming pool, horseback riding and an amphitheater. A rustic lodge, cottages and a
large campground are available for extended visits. The Breaks Park also has a modern
conference center, restaurant, gift shop and visitor’s center. The folks in Eastern
Kentucky and Southwest Virginia welcome you to the Breaks Interstate Park!
Breaks Interstate Park is often called "The Grand Canyon of the South
the scale of the 5-mile-long, .25-mile-deep gorge that forms the park’s centerpiece
rethaps
cannot rival that of the Grand Canyon, but the canyon is among the longest and deepest
east of the Mississippi River. A better title might be “The Grand Canyon with Clothes
On.” Where the raging Russell Fork of the Big Sandy River has carved the solid
sandstone over millions of years to break through Pine Mountain, nature has dressed the
canyon walls in some of Virginia’s most spectacular scenery.
Today, 4,500-acre Breaks Interstate Park, so called because it sits astride the state
line shared by both Kentucky and Virginia, attracts more than a third of a million visitors
annually. They come to fish the still pools, to raft the Class IV rapids of the Russell Fork
River, to stand at panoramic overlooks, to camp in the park’s wooded campsites, to walk
the miles of meandering hiking trails, and to see the beauty of Catawba rhododendron in
lavender bloom in early May.
Flannagan Dam is located in Dickenson County, Virginia, and stores the waters
of the Cranesnest and Pound Rivers. The dam was built as an element in the
Comprehensive Flood Control Plan]
for the Ohio River Basin.
Flannagan is located in the Pound
River Valley only 12 miles south
of the Breaks Interstate Park. The
dam is operated by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, and it provides|
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flood protection and water supply for areas downstream along Pound River, Russell
Fork, Levisa Fork, and Big Sandy River.
Construction of the dam, spillway, and outlet works began in 1960, and was
completed by 1964. The dam was named in honor of the late Ninth Virginia District
Congressman, John Williams Flannagan, Jr., who was from the highlands of Southwest
Virginia and provided much assistance in creating the flood control project. The earth-
filled dam is 250 feet high and 916 feet long, and is constructed of rock with a central
clay core, which prevents water from passing through the dam. A 1,145-acre lake is
formed behind the dam with almost 40 miles of shoreline.
During the first four full
weekends in October Flannagan
has whitewater releases to
achieve winter pool. From the
dam, the first two miles are
class II rapids that progresses
downstream reaching Class V +
rapids. Some of the most
challenging rapids in the eastern
U.S. can be found while traveling through Breaks Interstate Park with names like 20
Stitches, Broken Nose and Triple Drop.
Flannagan is well known as fisherman’s paradise with many secluded coves of
deep, clean, cool water well stocked with bass, bream, walleye, and trout. The dam also
provides a wide range of other outdoor recreational experiences as outlined below:
Bicycling:
Bicycles are permitted on main roads and campground areas.
flood protection and water supply for areas downstream along Pound River, Russell
Fork, Levisa Fork, and Big Sandy River.
Construction of the dam, spillway, and outlet works began in 1960, and was
completed by 1964. The dam was named in honor of the late Ninth Virginia District
Congressman, John Williams Flannagan, Jr., who was from the highlands of Southwest
Virginia and provided much assistance in creating the flood control project. The earth-
filled dam is 250 feet high and 916 feet long, and is constructed of rock with a central
clay core, which prevents water from passing through the dam. A 1,145-acre lake is
formed behind the dam with almost 40 miles of shoreline.
During the first four full
weekends in October Flannagan
has whitewater releases to
achieve winter pool. From the
dam, the first two miles are
class II rapids that progresses
downstream reaching Class V +
rapids. Some of the most
challenging rapids in the eastern
USS. can be found while traveling through Breaks Interstate Park with names like 20
Stitches, Broken Nose and Triple Drop.
Flannagan is well known as fisherman’s paradise with many secluded coves of
deep, clean, cool water well stocked with bass, bream, walleye, and trout. The dam also
provides a wide range of other outdoor recreational experiences as outlined below:
Bicycling:
Bicycles are permitted on main roads and campground areas.
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Boating:
Launch ramps for boating enthusiasts and fishermen are located at the Spillway
Launch Area, Lower Twin Area, Junction Area, Cranesnest Area, and the Pound River
Area. Fees are charged at the Junction, Lower Twin, and Pound River.
Camping:
Camping at John W. Flannagan Lake is restricted to developed camping areas
only and is prohibited outside of the campgrounds. John W. Flannagan Reservoir has
three campgrounds, Lower Twin, Cranesnest Areas #1, #2, and #3 and Pound River Area
all operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The three campgrounds combined
have a total of 93 sites. Fifteen of these sites have electrical hookups and are located at
Lower Twin Campground. Camping fees are charged from mid May through Labor Day.
Fishing:
Fishing and hunting regulations may be obtained from the Virginia Department
of Game and Inland Fisheries’ regional office in Marion, Virginia by calling (540) 783-



Handicapped Access:
Universally Accessible Facilities are provided at the Project Office and all of the
recreation areas.
Hunting:
Fishing and hunting regulations may be obtained from the Virginia Department
of Game and Inland Fisheries’ regional office in Marion, Virginia by calling (540) 783-



Horseback Riding:
John W. Flannagan Pound River Area offers a horse show ring which is managed
by the Cumberland Mountain Trail Riders. Shows are scheduled the second of the
month, June – August. Trail Ride outings are in May and September.
Marina:
John W. Flannagan Boat Dock is located at the Junction Area and provides
visitors with docking facilities, a gas station, fishing supplies, and a snack bar.
Boating:
Launch ramps for boating enthusiasts and fishermen are located at the Spillway
Launch Area, Lower Twin Area, Junction Area, Cranesnest Area, and the Pound River
Area, Fees are charged at the Junction, Lower Twin, and Pound River.
Camping:
Camping at John W. Flannagan Lake is restricted to developed camping areas
only and is prohibited outside of the campgrounds. John W. Flannagan Reservoir has
‘1, #2, and #3 and Pound River Area
three campgrounds, Lower Twin, Cranesnest Ar
all operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The three campgrounds combined
have a total of 93 sites. Fifteen of these sites have electrical hookups and are located at
Lower Twin Campground. Camping fees are charged from mid May through Labor Day.
Fishing:
Fishing and hunting regulations may be obtained from the Virginia Department
of Game and Inland Fisheries’ regional office in Marion, Virginia by calling (540) 783-
4860.
Handicapped Access:
Universally Accessible Facilities are provided at the Project Office and all of the
recreation areas.
Hunting:
Fishing and hunting regulations may be obtained from the Virginia Department
of Game and Inland Fis ng (540) 783-
4860,
regional office in Marion, Virginia by c:
Horseback Ri
ing:
John W. Flannagan Pound River Area offers a horse show ring which is managed
by the Cumberland Mountain Trail Riders. Shows are scheduled the second of the
month, June ~ August. Trail Ride outings are in May and September.
Marina:
John W. Flannagan Boat Dock is located at the Junction Area and provides
visitors with docking facilities, a gas station, fishing supplies, and a snack bar.
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Picnicking:
Picnic shelters are located at the Below Dam Area and Cranesnest Area #2. All
shelters are available on a first come - first served basis EXCEPT WHEN RESERVED
IN ADVANCE (a fee is required for reserving a shelter). Picnic shelters may be reserved
by calling the project office at (540) 835-9544. There are also picnic tables at all
recreation areas, except the Junction Area.
Swimming:
John W. Flannagan Reservoir has no developed swimming area and swimming
around the lake is at your own risk. Dickenson County offers a pool with lifeguard at
Bearpen, which is located just outside the Town of Clintwood. The pool is open
Memorial Day through Labor Day and a fee is charged through Friday.
TOURISM
Opportunities to enhance revenue from tourism lie in the development of
programs for which Virginians normally travel out-of-state. The scenic beauty of
Dickenson County, as stated in the future land use section, could make the county a
tourist attraction. Many types of outdoor recreation activities can exist in Dickenson
County.
With Dickenson County lying in the Heart of Appalachia, the outdoor and cultural
opportunities abound-- from the Ralph Stanley Museum to the “Grand Canyon of the
South” in the Breaks Interstate Park. With potential tourist looking for their next new
playground, Dickenson County seeks to provide information through a unique Brochure,
magazine publications and web advertisement that will not only promote Dickenson
County as an outdoor haven, but the place to find the Heart of Appalachia!
With many new trails being developed through Dickenson County, it is a must
that Tourism be added in the Dickenson County Comprehensive Plan.  The Virginia Coal
Heritage Trail established in July 2007 as a State Byway, is now being promoted to
become a National Byway.  Along this trial that attaches to the West Virginia Coal
Heritage Trail, you will find a 325-mile route that goes through the heart of Virginia’s
Picnic shelters are located at the Below Dam Area and Cranesnest Area #2. All
shelters are available on a first come - first served basis EXCEPT WHEN RESERVED
IN ADVANCE (a fee is required for reserving a shelter). Picnic shelters may be reserved
by calling the project office at (540) 835-9544. There are also picnic tables at all
recreation areas, except the Junction Area.
Swimming:
John W, Flannagan Reservoir has no developed swimming area and swimming
around the lake is at your own risk, Dickenson County offers a pool with lifeguard at
Bearpen, which is located just outside the Town of Clintwood. The pool is open
Memorial Day through Labor Day and a fee is charged through Friday.
TOURISM
Opportunities to enhance revenue from tourism lie in the development of
programs for which Virginians normally travel out-of-state. The scenic beauty of
Dickenson County, as stated in the future land use section, could make the county a
tourist attraction. Many types of outdoor recreation activities can exist in Dickenson
County.
With Dickenson County lying in the Heart of Appalachia, the outdoor and cultural
opportunities abound-- from the Ralph Stanley Museum to the “Grand Canyon of the
South” in the Breaks Interstate Park. With potential tourist looking for their next new
playground, Dickenson County seeks to provide information through a unique Brochure,
magazine publications and web advertisement that will not only promote Dickenson
County as an outdoor haven, but the place to find the Heart of Appalachia!
With many new trails being developed through Dickenson County, it is a must
that Tourism be added in the Dickenson County Comprehensive Plan. The Virginia Coal
Heritage Trail established in July 2007 as a State Byway, is now being promoted to
become a National Byway. Along this trial that attaches to the West Virginia Coal
Heritage Trail, you will find a 325-mile route that goes through the heart of Virginia’s
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Coalfield Region including:  Tazewell, Buchanan, Dickenson, Wise, Russell, Lee, Scott
and the City of Norton.  The Crooked Road, Virginia’s Music Trail comes through
Dickenson County and ends (or begins) at the Breaks Interstate Park.  The Ralph Stanley
Museum, The Jettie Baker Center, Mountain Art Works and The Breaks Interstate Park
are all venues on the Crooked Road Music Trail.  Round the Mountain Artisan Trails are
now being developed in Dickenson County.  The new Heartwood Artisan Center, under
construction in Abingdon, will house local artisans work throughout the Southwest
Virginia counties.
Another aspect of tourism promotion in Dickenson County will be the hiking,
biking and horseback trails at Cranenest (now under construction), the proposed
Haysi/Breaks Hiking Trail, all the hiking trails in the Breaks Park, Birch Knob, John
Flannagan and others.  A new Multi-Use ATV Trail is being investigated and meetings
are being held regionally. This trail will attach to the Hatfield McCoy Trail in West
Virginia and travel through Dickenson County as well as the other Coalfield Counties in
Southwest Virginia.
We have many birdwatching trails now being developed and soon will be listed in
a new trail brochure being developed on Trails in Dickenson County.  White water
rafting is another outdoor recreation that brings in many tourists to our county each year.
A combined recreation and tourism strategy for southwestern Virginia is
emphasizing the interrelationship of the forest with other attractions in the region. This
program should do much to encourage tourism and recreational use of public and
private parks and attractions. The development of tourism is expected to bring
many jobs to Dickenson County and the entire district both directly and through
indirect supporting businesses, as tourists buy gas and food, stay overnight and visit
other attractions in the surrounding areas.
Fishing is a popular activity in southwestern Virginia, and the many rivers in
Dickenson County provide opportunities for the development of additional access for
Coalfield Region including: Tazewell, Buchanan, Dickenson, Wise, Russell, Lee, Scott
and the City of Norton, The Crooked Road, Virginia’s Music Trail comes through
Dickenson County and ends (or begins) at the Breaks Interstate Park. The Ralph Stanley
Museum, The Jettie Baker Center, Mountain Art Works and The Breaks Interstate Park
are all venues on the Crooked Road Music Trail. Round the Mountain Artisan Trails are
now being developed in Dickenson County. The new Heartwood Artisan Center, under
construction in Abingdon, will house local artisans work throughout the Southwest
Virginia counties.
Another aspect of tourism promotion in Dickenson County will be the hiking,
biking and horseback trails at Cranenest (now under construction), the proposed
Haysi/Breaks Hiking Trail, all the hiking trails in the Breaks Park, Birch Knob, John
Flannagan and others. A new Multi-Use ATV Trail is being investigated and meetings
are being held regionally. This trail will attach to the Hatfield McCoy Trail in West
Virginia and travel through Dickenson County as well as the other Coalfield Counties in
Southwest Virginia
We have many birdwatching trails now being developed and soon will be listed in
a new trail brochure being developed on Trails in Dickenson County. White water
rafting is another outdoor recreation that brings in many tourists to our county each year.
A combined recreation and tourism strategy for southwestern Virginia is
emphasizing the interrelationship of the forest with other attractions in the region, This
program should do much to encourage tourism and recreational use of public and
private parks and attractions, The development of tourism is expected to bring
many jobs to Dickenson County and the entire district both directly and through
indirect supporting businesses, as tourists buy gas and food, stay overnight and visit
other attractions in the surrounding areas.
Fi
g is a popular activity in southwestern Virginia, and the many rivers in
Dickenson County provide opportunities for the development of additional access for
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canoe and bank fishing. Through close cooperation of state, planning district,
county, local and federal agencies, it would be possible to develop a system of access
points with some sites being set aside for picnicking, parking and camping.
Hunting opportunities are ample in Dickenson County. Small game, including
rabbit, squirrel, ruffed grouse, fox and raccoon are numerous. Big game in
Dickenson County includes wild turkey, deer, and black bear.
U.S. Bike Route 76, also called the Transamerica Bicycle Route, begins in
Yorktown, Virginia and crosses the country, ending in Astoria, Oregon. This bike route
travels through Russell and Dickenson Counties before exiting the state at Breaks
Interstate Park on the Virginia/Kentucky line in Buchanan County.
Abandoned railroad corridors, such as the 2.9 mile N&W Hurricane Junction -
Clinchfield line and the 3.3 mile N&W Duty-Clinchfield Coal line, make interesting
linear parks and greenways with many opportunities for linking outdoor recreational,
historical, and cultural areas. These two lines were both abandoned in August of

Once the right-of-way is acquired, costs associated with converting to a trail are

minimized because the grading, draining, and stabilizing has already been done.
Much of the reclaimed mine land is suitable for recreational use and
consideration should be given to converting some of it for this purpose. Off-road,
4-wheel drive and motorcycle riding are popular sports in the region, and a
deficiency of suitable places to ride exists. Constructing a challenging off-road course
could be one form of strip mine reclamation that would help to satisfy this demand.
canoe and bank fishing. Through close cooperation of state, planning district,
county, local and federal agencies, it would be possible to develop a system of access
points with some sites being set aside for picnicking, parking and camping.
Hunting opportunities are ample in Dickenson County. Small game, including
rabbit, squirrel, ruffed grouse, fox and raccoon are numerous. Big game in
Dickenson County includes wild turkey, deer, and black bear.
USS. Bike Route 76, also called the Transamerica Bicycle Route, begins in
Yorktown, Virginia and crosses the country, ending in Astoria, Oregon, This bike route
travels through Russell and Dickenson Counties before exiting the state at Breaks
Interstate Park on the Virginia/Kentucky line in Buchanan County.
Abandoned railroad corridors, such as the 2.9 mile N&W Hurricane Junction -
Clinchfield line and the 3
3 mile N&W Duty-Clinchfield Coal line, make interesting
linear parks and greenways with many opportunities for linking outdoor recreational,
historical, and cultural areas. These two lines were both abandoned in August of
1990, Once the right-of-way is acquired, costs associated with converting to a trail are
minimized because the grading, draining, and stabilizing has already been done.
Much of the reclaimed mine land is suitable for recreational use and
consideration should be given to converting some of it for this purpose. Off-road,
4-wheel drive and motorcycle riding are popular sports in the region, and a
deficiency of suitable places to ride exists. Constructing a challenging off-road course
could be one form of strip mine reclamation that would help to satisfy this demand.
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FINANCE, TAXES & BUSINESS ASSISTANCE
FINANCE
The Comprehensive Plan is only a plan and cannot be implemented unless the
revenue needed for infrastructure and capital projects can be generated. A financial
analysis of Dickenson County’s tax base, revenues, expenditures and indebtedness in
addition to a long range plan for development will be required for planning activities to
be implemented.  The county audit is available for all financial information to include
historic, statistical data to assist governing body for planning
TAX RATES
Dickenson County’s tax rates for personal property, machinery, and tools next
to Tazewell County are in line with adjoining counties, while real estate taxes are
closer to the district’s average. While raising taxes is not politically popular, the long-
term benefits of increased public investment in education, transportation and public
utilities can be substantial.
TAX RATES PER $100 ASSESSED VALUE:
2005 Real Tangible Personal
County Estate Property (effective) Tools (effective) Capital (nominal)
Buchanan $0.49 $1.95 $1.95 $2.00
Dickenson $0.60 $1.69 $1.69 $10.50*
Russell $0.60 $1.65 $1.65 $0.65
Tazewell $0.60 $2.00 $2.00 $4.30
                            Virginia Department of Taxation              Local Tax Rates: Tax Year 2007. Richmond, Virginia. Annual. 

*Based on 10% of value
FINANCE, TAXES & BUSINESS ASSISTANCE
FINANCE
‘The Comprehensive Plan is only a plan and cannot be implemented unless the
revenue needed for infrastructure and capital projects
‘an be generated, A financial
analysis of Dickenson County’s tax base, revenues, expenditures and indebtedness in
addition to a long range plan for development will be required for planning activities to
be implemented. The county audit is available for all financial information to include
historic, statistical data to assist governing body for planning
TAX RATES
Dickenson County’s tax rates for personal property, machinery, and tools next
to Tazewell County are in line with adjoining counties, while real estate taxes are
closer to the district’s average. While raising taxes is not politically popular, the long-
term benefits of increased public investment in education, transportation and public
utilities can be substantial.
TAX RATES PER $100 ASSESSED VALUE:
2005 Real Tangible Personal
County Estate Property (effective) Tools (effective) Capital (nominal,
Buchanan $0.49 $1.95 $1.95 $2.00
Dickenson —_ $0.60 $1.69 $1.69 $10.50*
Russell $0.60 $1.65 $1.65 $0.65
Tazewell $0.60 $2.00 $2.00 $4.30
Virginia Department of Taxation Local Tax Rates: Tax Year 2007, Richmond, Virginia. Anna
*Based on 10% of value
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BUSINESS ASSISTANCE
Business and industrial financial assistance is available through the Dickenson
County Industrial Development Authority. This Authority is empowered to issue
Industrial Revenue Bonds and can act as the recipient of Virginia Revolving Loan
Funds.
The Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (VCEDA) derives its
funding from a portion of the coal severance tax and has funds available for new and
existing industrial projects.
SI International, a telecommunications firm, has located in the Dickenson
County Technology Park as a result of VCEDA’s marketing efforts.  Dickenson
County constructed a shell building in 1993 in an effort to attract business to the
county.  When efforts failed to find a tenant to occupy the facility, the county
decided to establish a higher education center in order to provided citizenry with
higher educational opportunities closer to home and establish an energy research
center for carbon capture and storage.  The Dickenson Center for Education and
Research was funded in part by a $4 million grant from VCEDA, as well.
BUSINESS ASSISTANCE
Business and industrial financial assistance is available through the Dickenson
County Industrial Development Authority. This Authority is empowered to issue
Industrial Revenue Bonds and can act as the recipient of Virginia Revolving Loan
Funds.
The Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (VCEDA) derives its
funding from a portion of the coal severance tax and has funds available for new and
existing industrial projects.
SI International, a telecommunications firm, has located in the Dickenson
County Technology Park as a result of VCEDA’s marketing efforts. Dickenson
County constructed a shell building in 1993 in an effort to attract business to the
county. When efforts failed to find a tenant to occupy the facility, the county
decided to establish a higher education center in order to provided citizenry with
higher educational opportunities closer to home and establish an energy research
center for carbon capture and storage, The Dickenson Center for Education and
Research was funded in part by a $4 million grant from VCEDA, as well.
96
GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
In order to formulate a plan for Dickenson County, goals, objectives and policies
must be developed in regard to concerns, which were outlined in the background
material. These goals will provide a framework for the comprehensive plan.  A goal is a
statement of something, which the community wishes to achieve, and an end to which
actions are aimed.  An objective states the way in which a goal is to be achieved and
refers to some specific idea that can be reasonably attained.  A policy prescribes the
course of action needed to fulfill that objective.  Goals, objectives and policies have
been developed for each of the areas covered in the background information. The goals
aim to improve the quality of life and the economy of Dickenson County.
I.  PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
GOAL:  To promote the development of Dickenson County to the greatest
benefit of its citizens within the physical constraints nature
imposed.
Objective: Identify areas to be developed and those to be preserved.
Strategies:


Encourage natural resource development that will create the most jobs

while protecting the natural environment.


Promote the use of reclamation methods that will restore an
environmental balance in conjunction with the natural resource
development.


Decrease the pollution of streambeds and preserve the quality of surface
water in Dickenson County.


GOAL: To promote the development of fish and wildlife populations in
conjunction with federal and state agencies, for commerce and
tourism.
Objective: Encourage hunting and fishing activities.
GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
In order to formulate a plan for Dickenson County, goals, objectives and policies
must be developed in regard to concerns, which were outlined in the background
material, These goals will provide a framework for the comprehensive plan, A goal is a
statement of something, which the community wishes to achieve, and an end to which
actions are aimed. An objective states the way in which a goal is to be achieved and
refers to some specific idea that can be reasonably attained. A policy prescribes the
course of action needed to fulfill that objective. Goals, objectives and policies have
been developed for each of the areas covered in the background information, The goals
aim to improve the quality of life and the economy of Dickenson County.
L._PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
GOAL: To promote the development of Dickenson County to the greatest
benefit of its citizens within the physical constraints nature
imposed.
Objective: Identify areas to be developed and those to be preserved.
Strategi
1, Encourage natural resource development that will create the most jobs
while protecting the natural environment.


Promote the use of reclamation methods that will restore an
environmental balance in conjunction with the natural resource
development.


Decrease the pollution of streambeds and preserve the quality of surface
water in Dickenson County,


GOAL: To promote the development of fish and wildlife populations in
conjunction with federal and state agencies, for commerce and
tourism.
Objective: Encourage hunting and fishing activities.
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97
Strategies:


Promote programs that capitalize on various species of game/non-game
for commercial use or tourism.


Protect species which are endangered or of special concern.


II.  POPULATION
GOAL:  To encourage a population level and balance commensurate with
employment, water and sewer facilities, housing construction,
acceptable traffic volumes and community services.
Objective: Promote a population increase and a balanced population
structure.
Strategies:

The construction of water and sanitary sewer facilities and

improvement/expansion of existing systems.
2. New housing construction and existing housing rehabilitation in
compliance with building codes and development regulations in those
areas most amenable to development.

Maintenance of acceptable traffic volumes, safety, and road conditions.
An improved system of community services (police, fire protection,

emergency medical services, etc.) and facilities (schools, libraries)
while simultaneously recognizing the suitability of development that
would adversely affect floodplains, agricul ture,  and fores t  lands,

and Dickenson County’ s  scenic  areas and wildlife.
III.  ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
GOAL:  To strengthen Dickenson County’s economy by diversifying its
economic base.
Objective: Foster new or expanding local business by creating the necessary
incentives and creating emerging business environment.
Strategies:


Work with financial institutions to improve the availability of venture
capital for existing and new local industries.


Provide a highly trained and motivated work force by using job-
training programs to   improve the skills of unemployed and
underemployed workers.


Provide opportunities for higher education closer to home by
constructing the Dickenson Center for Education and Research.


Strategi


Promote programs that capitalize on various species of game/non-game
for commercial use or tourism.


Protect species which are endangered or of special concern.


IL POPULATION
GOAL: To encourage a population level and balance commensurate with
employment, water and sewer facilities, housing construction,
acceptable traffic volumes and community services.
Objective: Promote a population increase and a balanced population
structure,
Strategi


The construction of water and sanitary sewer facilities and
improvement/expansion of existing systems.


New housing construction and existing housing rehabilitation in
compliance with building codes and development regulations in those
areas most amenable to development


Maintenance of acceptable traffic volumes, safety, and road conditions.


4, An improved system of community services (police, fire protection,
emergency medical services, etc.) and facilities (schools, libraries)
while simultaneously recognizing the suitability of development that
would adversely affect floodplains, agriculture, and forest lands,
and Dickenson County’s scenic areas and wildlife.
Hl ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT
GOAL: To strengthen Dickenson County’s economy by diversifying its
economic base.
Objective: Foster new or expanding local business by creating the necessary
incentives and creating emerging business environment.
Strategi


Work with financial institutions to improve the av
capital for existing and new local industries.


Provide a highly trained and motivated work force by using job-
training programs to improve the skills of unemployed and
underemployed workers.


Provide opportunities for higher education closer to home by
constructing the Dickenson Center for Education and Research


bility of venture
o7
98


Increase inventory of industrial buildings and developed land.


Commit resources into market research and technical assistance for
local businesspersons and local developers.


Increase amount of Revolving Loan Fund monies available for
existing and small start-up businesses


GOAL:  To reduce the number of persons and families living below poverty
level.
Objective: Strengthen Dickenson County’s economy so that all residents will have
access to suitable employment and education.
Strategies:


Establishment of long-range plan for commercial industrial site
development by the County, IDA, Planning Commission and Planning
Districts.


Increase per capita income through economic development, education
and workforce development.


Improve access to skill training programs and enhance the programs
linkages with industry.


Provide access to educational opportunities closer to home with  the
development of the Dickenson Center for Education and Research.


GOAL:    To promote tourism.
Objective: Development of a comprehensive plan to incorporate tourism and
recreational opportunities for the County.
Strategies:


Continue to encourage scenic development and enhancement.


Continue to encourage the preservation of arts, crafts, and traditional
music activities.


Continue to implement a tourism marketing strategy.


Promote bed and breakfast inns.


Promote Group Tours, Host Travel Writers, develop press kits, promote
festivals, horse shows,


Develop “Round the Mountain Artisan Trail”,  ATV Multi-Use Trail


Promote and Market Virginia Coal Heritage Trail, Bird Watching Trail,
White Water Rafting; Crooked Road Music Trail, develop horse trails, and
Birch Knob


GOAL:


Increase inventory of industrial buildings and developed land.


Commit resources into market research and technical assistance for
local businesspersons and local developers.


Increase amount of Revolving Loan Fund monies available for
existing and small start-up businesses


To reduce the number of persons and families living below poverty
level.
Objective: Strengthen Dickenson County’s economy so that all residents will have
Strategi
GOAL:
access to suitable employment and education.
1, Establishment of long-range plan for commercial industrial site
development by the County, IDA, Planning Commission and Planning
Districts.


Increase per capita income through economic development, education
and workforce development.


Improve access to skill training programs and enhance the programs
linkages with industry.


4, Provide access to educational opportunities closer to home with the
development of the Dickenson Center for Education and Research,
To promote tourism.
Objective: Development of a comprehensive plan to incorporate tourism and
Strategi
recreational opportunities for the County.


Continue to encourage scenic development and enhancement.


Continue to encourage the preservation of arts, crafts, and traditional
music activities.


Continue to implement a tourism marketing strategy.
4, Promote bed and breakfast inns,


Promote Group Tours, Host Travel Writers, develop press kits, promote
festivals, horse shows,


Develop “Round the Mountain Artisan Trail”, ATV Multi-Use Trail


Promote and Market Virginia Coal Heritage Trail, Bird Watching Trail,
White Water Rafting; Crooked Road Music Trail, develop horse trails, and
Birch Knob
98
99


Encourage Start-Up Tourism Businesses, continue workshops on
Hospitality Training, Starting Tourism Businesses, etc…


Work regionally and statewide to promote/market the area.


Keep Website Updated


Develop more historical information on the county by working with the
Historical Society, develop historical marketing materials


Research grants opportunities to promote tourism, write grants.


IV.  TRANSPORTATION
GOAL:  To promote feasible solutions to relieve current traffic problems and

support future land use objectives.
Objective: Provide a street and highway system that is compatible with residential,
commercial and industrial uses.
Strategies:


Encourage improvement in the primary and secondary road system.


Improve traffic flow and circulation in the commercial
areas.


Develop a system of highway and street signs.


Establish the Coalfields Expressway.


Upgrade primary and secondary roads leading to tourism
destinations, i.e.   Breaks Park, Flanagan Dam, Birch
Knob.


GOAL:  To encourage the development of a transportation network
that will provide better access to industrial sites and to
major trade markets.
Objective: Support the proposed transportation corridors.
Strategies:


Pursue the feasibility of rail transportation for commercial use.


Make recommendations concerning future highway routes, airways, and
rail transportation facilities that will support and maintain present and
future development of the area.


Promote and encourage Pound By-Pass


Encourage Start-Up Tourism Businesses, continue workshops on
Hospitality Training, Starting Tourism Businesses, etc…


Work regionally and statewide to promote/market the area.


Keep Website Updated


Develop more historical information on the county by working with the
Historical Society, develop historical marketing materials


Research grants opportunities to promote tourism, write grants.


IV. TRANSPORTATION
GOAL: To promote feasible solutions to relieve current traffic problems and
support future land use objectives.
Objective: Provide a street and highway system that is compatible with residential,
commercial and industrial uses.
Strategies:


Encourage improvement in the primary and secondary road system.


Improve traffic flow and circulation in the commercial
areas.


Develop a system of highway and street signs.


Establish the Coalfields Expressway.


Upgrade primary and secondary roads leading to tourism
destinations, i.e. Breaks Park, Flanagan Dam, Birch
Knob.


GOAL: To encourage the development of a transportation network
that will provide better access to industrial sites and to
major trade markets.
Objective: Support the proposed transportation corridors.
Strategies:


Pursue the feasibility of rail transportation for commercial use.


Make recommendations concerning future highway routes, airways, and
rail transportation facilities that will support and maintain present and
future development of the area.


Promote and encourage Pound By-Pass


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100
V.  HOUSING
GOAL:  To expand the range of housing opportunities for all county
citizens.
Objective: Define and implement a residential development policy, which will protect
and enhance the right of citizens of modest means to acquire housing.
Strategies:


Develop programs to construct affordable housing in conjunction
with the Dickenson County Career Center.


Support the development of housing for citizens who are handicapped.


Objective: Provide for safe and attractive housing and housing areas.
Strategies:


Encourage property owners to maintain their dwelling units.


Promote rehabilitation of existing housing units which are below
standards, where possible seek federal and state funding to assist in
making the renovations.


Encourage cleaning and fix-up campaigns, calling upon the civic and
church groups within the community.


Sponsor a housing maintenance/housekeeping educational training
program.


Seek to modify existing Sub Division Ordinance to fit the topographic
challenges of the county.


VI.  LAND USE
GOAL:  To encourage harmonious and wise use of land through future
developmental decisions.
Objective: Implement a land use plans that will be used to guide and control
future development.
Strategies:

Limit non-residential encroachment on residential areas, where feasible
and in the best interest of the area.

GOAL: To expand the range of housing opportunities for all county
citizens.
Objective: Define and implement a residential development policy, which will protect
and enhance the right of citizens of modest means to acquire housing.
Strategi

Develop programs to construct affordable housing in conjunction
with the Dickenson County Career Center.
Support the development of housing for citizens who are handicapped.

Objective: Provide for safe and attractive housing and housing areas.
Strategies:


Encourage property owners to maintain their dwelling units.


Promote rehabilitation of existing housing units which are below
standards, where possible seek federal and state funding to assist in
making the renovations,


Encourage cleaning and fix-up campaigns, calling upon the civic and
church groups within the community.


Sponsor a housing maintenance/housekeeping educational training
program.


Seek to modify existing Sub Division Ordinance to fit the topographic
challenges of the county.


VI. LAND USE
GOAL: To encourage harmonious and wise use of land through future
developmental decisions.
Objective: Implement a land use plans that will be used to guide and control
future development,
Strategies:

Limit non-residential encroachment on residential areas, where feasible
and in the best interest of the area.

100
101
GOAL:  To encourage development to occur in a manner, which will, best
utilize the natural characteristics of the land by delineating those
areas, which limit development.
Objective:  Implement a plan to serve as a guide to control development.
Strategies: Seek professional planning assistance from Cumberland Plateau and other
qualified planners.
VII.  WATER, SEWAGE AND SOLID WASTE  SYSTEMS
GOAL:     To provide public water and sewer service in existing areas of population
concentration and in areas targeted for residential, commercial and
industrial development.
Objective: Continue to work with federal and state agencies to plan and develop water
and sewer projects.
Strategies:


Complete current water and sewer projects.


Promote the growth of the Public Service Authority.


Obtain a water source from the John Flanagan Water Authority.


VIII.  COMMUNITY FACILITIES
GOAL:    Improve the quality of education for all students.
Objective: To provide a 21st century high school facility for students of Dickenson
County
Strategies:


Carefully monitor population and enrollment trends to accurately
project educational needs.


Carefully study the impact of maintaining three high schools.


Seek funding sources to consolidate high school by coordinating efforts of
the Board of Supervisors and school systems.


Establish the Dickenson Center for Education and Research.


GOAL: To encourage development to occur in a manner, which will, best
utilize the natural characteristics of the land by delineating those
areas, which limit development.
Objective: Implement a plan to serve as a guide to control development.
Strategies: Seek professional planning assistance from Cumberland Plateau and other
‘qualified planners.
VIL WATER, SEWAGE AND SOLID WASTE SYSTEMS
GOAL: To provide public water and sewer service in existing areas of population
concentration and in areas targeted for residential, commercial and
industrial development.
Objective: Continue to work with federal and state agencies to plan and develop water
and sewer projects,
Strategies:

Complete current water and sewer projects.

Promote the growth of the Public Service Authority.

Obtain a water source from the John Flanagan Water Authority.

VII COMMUNITY FACILITIES
GOAL: Improve the quality of education for all students.
Objective: To provide a 21" century high school facility for students of Dickenson
County
Strategies.


Carefully monitor population and enrollment trends to accurately
project educational needs.


Carefully study the impact of maintaining three high schools.


Seek funding sources to consolidate high school by coordinating efforts of
the Board of Supervisors and school systems.


Establish the Dickenson Center for Education and Research.


101
102
GOAL:    To encourage an acceptable level of community facilities to be located in
areas throughout Dickenson County where they will be most efficiently
and effectively utilized.
Objective: Provide recreational opportunities to all citizens.
Strategies:


Support the development of the Breaks Interstate Park and surrounding
areas as a major tourist destination area.


Continue to lease recreational facilities from the Corp of Engineers.


Obtain other leases from the corps of Engineers and develop recreation
areas in the John Flannagan Dam vicinity.


Promote outdoor activities such as white water rafting and hiking.


IX.  FINANCE
GOAL:  To implement a Capital Improvements Program.
Objective: Improve the scheduling, financing and location of proposed projects.
Strategies:


Balance competing pressures for limited funds.


Insure that money is spent wisely.


Minimize the impact of improvements on the local tax rate.


Seek services of professional governmental financial planners.


GOAL:  To provide the needed funding for county improvements and
expansions.
Objective: Maintain an adequate tax base and expand county revenues.
Strategies:


Consider the development of retirement facilities as a potential foundation
for diversified future growth and revenue.


Consider long-term gains from increased public investment in
education, transportation, and public utilities.


GOAL: To encourage an acceptable level of community facilities to be located in
areas throughout Dickenson County where they will be most efficiently
and effectively utilized.
Objective: Provide recreational opportunities to all citizens.
Strategi
Support the development of the Breaks Interstate Park and surrounding
areas as a major tourist destination area.
Continue to lease recreational facilities from the Corp of Engineers.

Obtain other leases from the corps of Engineers and develop recreation
areas in the John Flannagan Dam vicinity.

4, Promote outdoor activities such as white water rafting and hiking.
1X. FINANCE
GOAL: ‘To implement a Capital Improvements Program.
Objective: Improve the scheduling, financing and location of proposed projects.
Strategies
Balance competing pressures for limited funds.
Insure that money is spent wisely.
1
2.
3. Minimize the impact of improvements on the local tax rate
4.
Seek services of professional governmental financial planners.
GOAL: To provide the needed funding for county improvements and
expansions,
Objective: Maintain an adequate tax base and expand county revenues.
Strategic


Consider the development of retirement fac
for diversified future growth and revenue.


Consider long-term gains from increased public investment in
education, transportation, and public utilities.


ies
a potential foundation
102